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Irrigation in Endodontics: a Review

  • Modern Approaches to Endodontics (S Kim and B Karabucak, Section Editors)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

The purpose of this chapter was to review progress in the endodontic irrigation and advances in disinfection process and their clinical implication.

Recent Findings

This review shed the light on the culturing techniques shortcomings and the complexity of the root canal infection both anatomically and microbiologically. It also discusses in depth the most widely used endodontic irrigants, their antimicrobial efficacy, safety, advantages, and disadvantages. Irrigation issues to discuss are not merely centered on which antimicrobial solution to use, but also its method of delivery, preferably to all parts of the complex anatomy of root canals, bearing in mind the complex features of the offending microbial biofilm. The new direction has been toward developing a reliable delivery system to ensure thorough disinfection to the inaccessible areas of the root canal system such as passive ultrasonic irrigation, XP Endo finisher, Endo Vac, and Gentlewave.

Summary

To date, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) remains the gold standard of endodontic irrigants, due to its tissue dissolving capacity exhibited by no other. However, it still falls short of completely rendering root canal bacteria free. Moreover, its toxicity is detrimental when extruded beyond the apex. In this review, potential complementary irrigation solutions are discussed along with adjunctive irrigation techniques for safer and more effective delivery of the irrigation aiming to perfect disinfection of root canal.

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  1. Department of Dental Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City – Jeddah, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box: 9515, Jeddah, 21423, Saudi Arabia

    Sarah Bukhari

  2. Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Alaa Babaeer

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  1. Sarah Bukhari
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  2. Alaa Babaeer
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Correspondence to Sarah Bukhari.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Modern Approaches to Endodontics

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Bukhari, S., Babaeer, A. Irrigation in Endodontics: a Review. Curr Oral Health Rep 6, 367–376 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40496-019-00241-6

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