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Type 2 Cytokine Responses: Regulating Immunity to Helminth Parasites and Allergic Inflammation

  • Immunology and Inflammation (W Gause and L Covey, Section Editors)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

It is well established that T helper type 2 (TH2) immune responses are necessary not only to provide protection against helminth parasites but also to promote the detrimental inflammation associated with allergies and asthma. Given the importance of type 2 immunity and inflammation, many studies have focused on better understanding the factors that regulate TH2 cell development and activation. As a result, significant progress has been made in understanding the signaling pathways and molecular events necessary to promote TH2 cell polarization. In addition to the adaptive compartment, emerging studies are better defining the innate immune pathways needed to promote TH2 cell responses. Given the recent and substantial growth of this field, the purpose of this review is to highlight recent studies defining the innate immune events that promote immunity to helminth parasites and allergic inflammation.

Recent Findings

Emerging studies have begun to elucidate the importance of cytokine alarmins such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-25 (IL-17E), and IL-33 in promoting type 2 immunity and inflammation following helminth challenge or exposure to allergens. Specifically, recent reports have begun to define the complex cellular networks these alarmins activate and their contribution to type 2 immunity and inflammation.

Summary

Our increased understanding of the pathways that regulate type 2 cytokine-mediated immunity and inflammation have revealed novel therapeutic targets to treat both helminth infections and allergic disease states.

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Acknowledgements

Work in the Siracusa lab is supported by the NIH (RO1 AI123224 to M.C.S.) and by the New Jersey Health foundation. We would like to thank members of the Siracusa lab for their critical reading of this manuscript and Servier Medical Art for use of their graphics.

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  1. Everett K. Henry and Juan M. Inclan-Rico contributed equally to this work.

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  1. Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers—The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA

    Everett K. Henry, Juan M. Inclan-Rico & Mark C. Siracusa

  2. Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, G1226, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers—The State University of New Jersey, 205 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA

    Everett K. Henry, Juan M. Inclan-Rico & Mark C. Siracusa

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Henry, E.K., Inclan-Rico, J.M. & Siracusa, M.C. Type 2 Cytokine Responses: Regulating Immunity to Helminth Parasites and Allergic Inflammation. Curr Pharmacol Rep 3, 346–359 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40495-017-0114-1

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