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Coupling CFD and RSM to optimize the flow and heat transfer performance of a manifold microchannel heat sink

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Abstract

Maintaining the operating temperature within the allowable range for electronic components is crucial. This work aims to optimize the design of a heatsink manifold microchannel where the working fluid is MWCNT/water-nanofluid. The design parameters include inlet width \(({L}_{inlet})\), outlet width \(({L}_{outlet})\), heatsink height (\({h}_{f})\), and MWCNT nanoparticle volume fraction in the working fluid \((\varphi )\). Minimum pressure drop and minimum thermal resistance are selected as the objective functions. The finite volume method simulates the flow field and heat transfer at each design point. A regression model between the objective functions and the design variables is derived by utilizing the response surface method, and the sensitivity analysis of objective functions is performed by Pareto chart analysis. Finally, the response optimization method configures the optimal design points as \({L}_{inlet}\), \({L}_{outlet}\), \({h}_{f}\) being 85, 91, 245 \(\mu m\), respectively, and \(\varphi\) 0.016, corresponding to a pressure loss at 2677 Pa and thermal resistance at 0.8281 K/W. According to the results, the outlet width and heatsink height significantly affect the pressure drop and thermal resistance. Moreover, the physics of the flow field shows that the strength of the corner vortex and separation on the manifold can play a significant role in the thermal and hydraulic performance of the manifold microchannel heat sink. A numerical simulation has been performed to assess the regression model’s accuracy in predicting the thermal and fluid performance at the optimum point, showing a good agreement between the model prediction and the simulation results.

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Abbreviations

\({c}_{p,f}\) :

Specific heat of the working flow (J kg−1 K−1)

\({h}_{f}\) :

Height of the fin \((\mathrm{\mu m})\)

\({\mathrm{h}}_{\mathrm{m}}\) :

Height of the manifold \((\mathrm{\mu m})\)

\({\mathrm{h}}_{\mathrm{s}}\) :

Height of the heatsink \((\mathrm{\mu m})\)

\({k}_{f}\) :

Thermal conductivity of the working flow (W m−1 K−1)

\({k}_{s}\) :

Thermal conductivity of the manifold (W m−1 K−1)

\({L}_{inlet}\) :

Inlet width \((\mathrm{\mu m})\)

\({\mathrm{L}}_{\mathrm{m}}\) :

Manifold width \((\mathrm{\mu m})\)

\({L}_{outlet}\) :

Outlet width \((\mathrm{\mu m})\)

MMC:

Manifold Microchannel

MWCNT:

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes

\(n\) :

Normal to boundary

\(nf\) :

Nanofluid

\(P\) :

Pressure of the working flow (N m−2)

\({P}_{in}\) :

Inlet pressure (N m−2)

\({P}_{out}\) :

Outlet pressure (N m−2)

\(Q\) :

Applied heat flux (W/cm2)

RSM:

Response surface method

\({\mathrm{R}}_{T}\) :

Thermal resistance (K/W)

\(T\) :

Temperature of the working flow (K)

\({T}_{inlet}\) :

Temperature of the coolant fluid (K)

\({T}_{max}\) :

Maximum temperature of heated surface (K)

\({T}_{s, interface}\) :

Solid–fluid interface, fluid side

\({T}_{f, interface}\) :

Solid–fluid interface, solid side

\(u\) :

Velocity of the working flow (m/s)

\({\mathrm{w}}_{\mathrm{c}}\) :

Width of the heatsink \((\mathrm{\mu m})\)

\({\mathrm{w}}_{\mathrm{f}}\) :

Width of the fin \((\mathrm{\mu m})\)

\(\Delta \mathrm{P}\) :

Pressure drop (N m−2)

\(\mu\) :

Viscosity of the working flow (kg/s)

\({\rho }_{f}\) :

Density of the working flow (kg/m3)

\({\rho }_{p}\) :

Density of the nanoparticle (kg/m3)

\(\varphi\) :

Nanoparticle volume fraction

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Turbulence Research and Applications, Center for Complex Flows and Soft Matter Research and Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People’s Republic of China

    Farzad Pourfattah & Lian-Ping Wang

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jerib Ave., Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran

    Mohsen Faraji Kheryrabadi

  3. Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Data-Driven Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Applications, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China

    Lian-Ping Wang

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F.P was involved in literature reviewing, validation, data curation, post-processing, writing, and revising. M.F was involved in simulation, optimization and writing. LP.W was involved in conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, and editing.

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Correspondence to Farzad Pourfattah.

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Pourfattah, F., Kheryrabadi, M.F. & Wang, LP. Coupling CFD and RSM to optimize the flow and heat transfer performance of a manifold microchannel heat sink. J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 45, 178 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-023-04097-x

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