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A compendium of vivipary in the Cactaceae: new reports, data, and research prospects

  • Reproductive Biology - Review Article
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Abstract

This review examines the historical research progress and areas of vivipary currently investigated in the Cactaceae. Vivipary, a rare attribute, has evolved multiple times in numerous plant lineages; however, a complete understanding of this event is still lacking in the cactus family and plants, in general. This literature search combines the results obtained from scientific sources addressing aspects of vivipary published since 1900 to 2000, with an emphasis from 2000 to 2021. This systematic compendium summarizes findings in various aspects of vivipary, such as the taxonomic and ecological range, offspring survival, and the physiological bases of this phenomenon in the Cactaceae. To date, 77 viviparous taxa circumscribed in subfamilies Pereskioideae and Cactoideae are known, representing approximately 5.4% vivipary at the family level. The taxonomic and geographic occurrence of this facultative reproductive attribute is discussed along with new reports, subsistence of viviparous and non-viviparous progeny, and a framework examining the phylogenetic distribution and putative origin of this generative mode in the family. The portrayal of the geographic distribution of viviparous species highlights the ubiquity of this trait and identifies vivipary hot spots in Cuba, the Brazilian Mata Atlântica, and NW Mexico, emphasizing ideas for cactus conservation. New data dealing with the role of the phytohormones abscisic acid and gibberellic acid in vivipary is examined in conjunction with the thermoregulatory properties of the fleshy viviparous fruits. Research areas deserving further studies are examined and several model species to conduct multidisciplinary research related to cactus vivipary in different areas of the Americas are proposed.

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Acknowledgements

I am thankful to the anonymous reviewers for their careful reading of the manuscript and their insightful comments and suggestions. I am also grateful to numerous colleagues for their support. These people include Auri Rodrígues and Deusa Abreu for their assistance in the extraction of ABA and metabolites. José Delgadillo and Barry Hammel provided pictures and information on new reports of vivipary. My gratitude goes also to Tania Hernández-Hernández and journal Haseltonia for giving permission to use figures and to the personnel of my Plant Systematics laboratory, Odair Almeida, Dewey Litwiller, and Roy Vera-Vélez for feedback on early drafts of the manuscript.

Funding

The National Geographic Society (Grant No. 7382-02) and the University of Saskatchewan Tri-Council Bridge (Grant No. 411051) financed this study.

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  1. Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada

    J. Hugo Cota-Sánchez

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  1. J. Hugo Cota-Sánchez
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Correspondence to J. Hugo Cota-Sánchez.

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The author is Associate Editor of the Brazilian Journal of Botany, but this article was entirely handled by another Associate Editor.

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Cota-Sánchez, J.H. A compendium of vivipary in the Cactaceae: new reports, data, and research prospects. Braz. J. Bot 45, 1001–1027 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-022-00834-z

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