Abstract
Salinity stress is one of the main abiotic stress factors that severely affect the productivity and the geographical distribution of many plant species. Salsola crassa Bieb. is an annual xero-halophytic plant, belongs to the family Amaranthaceae, and has superior salinity tolerance. Halophytes are able to withstand extremely saline conditions, and thus, characterization of salt-responsive proteins in halophytes may provide valuable information to enhance salinity tolerance in crops. Here, we investigated the variability of salt tolerance of the halophyte S. crassa growing under different salt concentrations with a special emphasis on the physiological and proteomic changes in roots. The S. crassa’s five-day-old seedlings were grown under hydroponic system for 1 week under salt-free conditions and subsequently at three salinities (0, 100, and 300 mM NaCl) for 2 weeks. Physiological parameters (fresh and dry weights, and K+ and Na+ contents of root and leaf tissues) and root protein profiles were analysed. Indeed, seedling growth was higher in 100 mM NaCl than in control. Results also indicated that K+ content decreased and Na+ content increased under salinity. The activities of catalase and guaiacol peroxidase increased, whereas superoxide dismutase activity decreased in roots subjected to 300 mM NaCl concentration. Comparative proteomic analysis showed that the abundance of 51 proteins was changed in the roots. MALDI-TOF/TOF MS-based identification was successful for 19 proteins. The most affected metabolic pathways were related to stress defence, energy metabolism, and protein metabolism. The salinity responses of roots lie in enhanced levels of stress-protective proteins such as chaperones from heat shock protein family, and others such as S-adenosylmethionine synthetase. The up-regulated proteins involved in energy metabolism such as glycolysis and TCA cycle indicate an active acclimation to enhanced energy requirements to re-establish cellular homeostasis under salinity. This suggests that protein and energy metabolisms could be the major mechanisms for salinity tolerance in S. crassa.
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Acknowledgements
The support of Afyon Kocatepe University Research Fund (Project No. 15.FENED.02) to this research is thankfully acknowledged. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Medicinal Genetics Laboratory of Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University and the DEKART Proteomics Laboratory of Kocaeli University for their technical help. The authors are grateful to Afyon Kocatepe University’s Foreign Language Support Unit for language editing.
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Yıldız, M., Terzi, H. Comparative analysis of salt-induced changes in the root physiology and proteome of the xero-halophyte Salsola crassa. Braz. J. Bot 44, 33–42 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-020-00695-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-020-00695-4