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A Novel Hybrid Micro Power Control Fed by Hydro/Solar Energy

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Abstract

Renewable energy sources have been widely disseminated around the world. However, due to weather fluctuations, energy storage systems are needed to supply the periods in which the renewable sources are absent. The reservoir of a hydroelectric plant is an example of energy storage that meets the demand even with climatic variations. However, in order to be able to use hydropower, an adequate land topology is necessary and the flooding of a large reservoir. The present work proposes a hybrid microgeneration composed of solar photovoltaic and hydropower in a parallel and complementary way. The daytime demand will be supplied by solar energy and the night time demand by stored water energy in a small adequate reservoir, and the grid will be the backup of the system. The methodologies used in the modeling, the system topology and the proposed control will be presented in this paper. This study highlights the feasibility of the proposal in some situations where there is no consumption or exchange of energy with the grid. The proposed topology can also be used as an off-grid system.

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Abbreviations

\(P_\textrm{PV}\) :

Photovoltaic power

\(E_\textrm{e}\) :

Irradiance

\(A_\textrm{PV}\) :

Photovoltaic area

\(\eta _\textrm{PV}\) :

PV efficiency

\(i_\textrm{sol}\) :

Daily light

\(\theta _\textrm{delay}\) :

Setting time angle

\(\sigma _\textrm{Random}\) :

Climatic variation

\(E_\textrm{eMax}\) :

Maximum irradiance

\(\text {sign}()\) :

Math function

\(v_\textrm{GS}\) :

Penstock fluid speed

\(P_\textrm{GS}\) :

Hydropower

\(h_\textrm{GS}\) :

Effective head

\(\rho \) :

Water density

g :

Gravity constant

\(Q_\textrm{GS}\) :

Turbocharged flow

\(\eta _\textrm{GS}\) :

Hydro efficiency

\(h_\textrm{Vol}\) :

Reservoir height

\(h_0\) :

Standard head

\(C_\textrm{d}\) :

Discharge coefficient

\(t_\textrm{c}\) :

Conduction time

\(A_{0}\) :

Penstock area

\(d_0\) :

Penstock diameter

\(Q_{R}\) :

Streamflow

\(A_\textrm{GS}\) :

Reservoir area

\(P_\textrm{ref}\) :

Reference power

\(P_\textrm{STD}\) :

Standard power plant

\(P_\textrm{HHS}\) :

Proposed power plant

\(V_\textrm{cc}\) :

Bus voltage

\(V_\textrm{PV}\) :

Rated PV voltage

\(T_\textrm{s}\) :

Switching period

\(f_\textrm{s}\) :

Switching frequency

\(D_\textrm{,max}\) :

Duty cycle

\(\Delta I_\textrm{PV}\) :

Current ripple

\(\Delta I_{\%}\) :

Percent ripple

\(L_\textrm{PV}\) :

Boost inductor

\(V_\textrm{Eq}\) :

Equivalent voltage

\(V_\textrm{PR}\) :

Generator voltage

\(f_\textrm{GS}\) :

Generator frequency

\(t_\textrm{hu}\) :

hold-up-time

\(V_{\min }\) :

Min. bus voltage

\(C_\textrm{cc}\) :

Bus capacitor

\(P_\textrm{inv}\) :

Inverter power

\(L_\textrm{R}\) :

Rectifier inductor

\(m_{\alpha \beta }\) :

Modulation signal

\(L_\textrm{inv}\) :

Inverter inductor

\(V_\textrm{Pg}\) :

Grid phase voltage

\(\Delta I_\textrm{g}\) :

Grid current ripple

\(I_\textrm{Pg}\) :

Grid phase current

\(f_\textrm{g}\) :

Grid frequency

\(\lambda _\textrm{C}\) :

Reactive input tax

\(C_\textrm{inv}\) :

Filter capacitor

\(\lambda _\textrm{h}\) :

Maximum harmonic

\(\omega _\textrm{h}\) :

Harmonic frequency

\(V_\mathrm{h\%}\) :

Harmonic magnitude

\(v_{\alpha \beta ,\, \textrm{cc}}\) :

\(\alpha \beta \) and cc voltage

\(G_{*}(s)\) :

Sys. trans. function

\(\omega \) :

Angular frequency

\(L_\textrm{g}\) :

Filter inductor

\(C_\textrm{D}\) :

Damping capacitor

\(R_\textrm{d}\) :

Damping resistance

\(R_\textrm{cc}\) :

Equivalent resistance

\(V_{\alpha \beta }\) :

\(\alpha \beta \) peak voltage

\(I_{\alpha \beta }\) :

\(\alpha \beta \) peak current

\(K_\textrm{d}^P\) :

Active droop gain

\(K_\textrm{d}^Q\) :

Reactive droop gain

\(P_{\min }^{\max }\) :

Active power limits

\(\omega _{\min }^{\max }\) :

Frequency limits

\(Q_{\min }^{\max }\) :

Reactive power limits

\(V_{\min }^{\max }\) :

Voltage limits

\(\lambda \) :

Efficiency parameter

\(P_\textrm{ret}\) :

Rectifier reference

\(i_{\alpha \beta ,\, \textrm{cc}}\) :

\(\alpha \beta \) and cc current

\(C_{*}(s)\) :

Ctrl. trans. function

\(I_\textrm{cc}\) :

Bus direct current

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank their colleagues at INEP and GEPOC for their collaboration in this work. Thanks for the opportunity provided by the INCT-GD and Brazilians sponsors (CNPq Process 465640/2014-1, CAPES Process No. 23038.000776/2017-54 and FAPERGS 17/2551-0000517-1).

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Author notes

  1. Fernanda de Morais Carnielutti and Denizar Cruz Martins have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Eletrônica de Potência - INEP, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, CTC-Campus Universitário, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-970, Brazil

    Valdecir Junior De Paris & Denizar Cruz Martins

  2. Grupo de Eletrônica de Potência e Controle - GEPOC, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Av. Roraima, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil

    Fernanda de Morais Carnielutti

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  1. Valdecir Junior De Paris
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Correspondence to Valdecir Junior De Paris.

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De Paris, V.J., Morais Carnielutti, F.d. & Martins, D.C. A Novel Hybrid Micro Power Control Fed by Hydro/Solar Energy. J Control Autom Electr Syst 34, 808–819 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40313-023-00998-3

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