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Fabrication of a novel hydroxyapatite/polyether ether ketone surface nanocomposite via friction stir processing for orthopedic and dental applications

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Abstract

There is increasing interest in the use of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) for orthopedic and dental implant applications due to its elastic modulus (close to that of bone), biocompatibility and radiolucent properties. However, PEEK is still categorized as bioinert owing to its low integration with surrounding tissues. Methods such as depositing hydroxyapatite (HA) onto the PEEK surface could increase its bioactivity. However, depositing HA without damaging the PEEK substrate is still required further investigation. Friction stir processing is a solid-state processing method that is widely used for composite substrate fabrication. In this study, a pinless tool was used to fabricate a HA/PEEK surface nanocomposite for orthopedic and dental applications. Microscopical images of the modified substrate confirmed homogenous distribution of the HA on the surface of the PEEK. The resultant HA/PEEK surface nanocomposites demonstrated improved surface hydrophilicity coupled with better apatite formation capacity (as shown in the simulated body fluid) in comparison to the pristine PEEK, making the newly developed material more suitable for biomedical application. This surface deposition method that is carried out at low temperature would not damage the PEEK substrate and thus could be a good alternative for existing commercial methods for PEEK surface modification.

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Acknowledgements

This article was a result of a study conducted at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in Kermanshah, Iran.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Endodontic, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

    Davood Almasi & Roohollah Sharifi

  2. School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, University Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

    Woei Jye Lau

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Energy, Kermanshah University of Technology, Kermanshah, Iran

    Sajad Rasaee

  4. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

    Hamid Reza Mozaffari

  5. Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

    Hamid Reza Mozaffari

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  1. Davood Almasi
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Correspondence to Sajad Rasaee.

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The author declares that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

Ethical statement

This research was evaluated in accordance with the ethical principles by Kermanshah University of Medical Science at 2018.07.31 and approved with the approval ID: IR.KUMS.RES.1397.285. The research was found to be in accordance with the ethical principles and the national norms and standards for conducting Medical Research in Iran. This research was not involving human participants and animals.

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Almasi, D., Lau, W.J., Rasaee, S. et al. Fabrication of a novel hydroxyapatite/polyether ether ketone surface nanocomposite via friction stir processing for orthopedic and dental applications. Prog Biomater 9, 35–44 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40204-020-00130-7

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