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Flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenoids: a new hope for the treatment of diabetes mellitus

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Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome characterized by a hyperglycemic state and multi-organ failure. Millions of people worldwide are suffering from this deadly disease taking a hit on their pocket and mental health in the name of its treatment. Modern medical practices with new technological advancements and discoveries have made revolutionary changes in the treatment. But, unfortunately, Glucose-lowering drugs used have many accompanying effects such as chronic vascular disease, renal malfunction, liver disease and, many skin problems. These complications have made us think about alternative treatments for diabetes with minimum or no side effects. Nowadays, in addition to modern medicine, herbal treatment has been suggested to treat diabetes mellitus. These herbal medicines contain biological macromolecules such as flavonoids, Terpenoids, glycosides, and alkaloids, which show versatile anti-diabetic effects. These phytochemicals are generally considered safe, and naturally occurring compounds have a potential role in preventing or controlling diabetes mellitus. The underlying mechanism of their anti-diabetic effects includes improvement in insulin secretion, decrease in insulin resistance, enhanced liver glycogen synthesis, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this review, we have focused on the mechanism of various phytochemicals targeting hyperglycemia and its underlying pathogenesis.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the management of Maharishi Markandeswar (Deemed to be University) for their research support. Special thanks to Dr. Adesh K Saini (Professor, Department of Biotechnology, MMDU) and Dr. Divya Mittal (University Post-Doctoral Fellow, MMDU) for critically reviewing the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Central Research Cell, M.M. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, University Research Fellow, Maharishi Markandeswar (Deemed to be University, Mullana, Ambala, 133207, India

    Sukhpal Singh

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, RAJOURI, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, 185135, India

    Abhishek Bansal

  3. Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College, Karnal, Haryana, India

    Vikramjeet Singh

  4. Department Of Biochemistry and Central Research Cell, M.M. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, India

    Tanya Chopra

  5. Department of Microbiology, RG Kar Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700003, India

    Jit Poddar

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Singh, S., Bansal, A., Singh, V. et al. Flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenoids: a new hope for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Metab Disord 21, 941–950 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-021-00943-8

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