Abstract
Natural herbal constituents have been continuously utilised as a source of medicine since ancient times to cure diverse types of disorders that ail human body, like cardiovascular disease (CVDs), diabetes mellitus (DM), bacterial and viral infections. Several studies have recently been conducted on flavonoids derived from various parts of plants, and their diverse functions are being widely explored. Flavonoids are nutraceuticals that have a wide range of biological activities. Their antioxidant properties account for the majority of their protective effects including minimizing oxidative stress and inflammation besides their potential to modulate the activities of enzymes. Flavonoids are also used to manage and treat diabetes, as well as diabetes associated comorbidities. Increased risk of mortality during diabetes and diabetes associated comorbidities like hypertension, stroke, neuropathy, nephropathy etc. are directly related to the elevated glycemic index of diabetics. Here we discuss the importance of flavonoids derived from nature for their medicinal roles, factors leading to the onset of diabetes and its associated complications. Finally, this review discusses the potential role of various flavonoids as an alternative remedial approach to mitigate the condition of diabetes.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abbas M, Saeed F, Anjum FM, Afzaal M, Tufail T, Bashir MS, Ishtiaq A, Hussain S, Suleria HA (2017) Natural polyphenols: An overview. Int J Food Prop 20:1689–1699. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2016.1220393
Ahmed OM, Mahmoud AM, Abdel-Moneim A, Ashour MB (2012) Antidiabetic effects of hesperidin and naringin in type 2 diabetic rats. Diabetol Croat 41:53–67
Ahmed OM, Hassan MA, Abdel-Twab SM, Azeem MN (2017a) Navel orange peel hydroethanolic extract, naringin and naringenin have anti-diabetic potentials in type 2 diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 94:197–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.094
Ahmed T, Javed S, Tariq A, Onofrio G, Daglia M, Fazel Nabavi S, Mohammad Nabavi S (2017b) Daidzein and its effects on brain. Curr Med Chem 24:365–375
Al-Ishaq RK, Abotaleb M, Kubatka P, Kajo K, Büsselberg D (2019) Flavonoids and their anti-diabetic effects: cellular mechanisms and effects to improve blood sugar levels. Biomolecules 9:430. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9090430
Al-Kurdy MJ (2014) Hypoglycemic and hypolipidimic effect of naringin in diabetic male rats. AL-Qadisiya Journal of Vet Med Sci 13:43–47. https://doi.org/10.29079/vol13iss1art276
American Diabetes Association (2009) Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 32(Supplement 1):S62–S67. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc09-S062
Ansarullah BB, Dwivedi M, Laddha NC, Begum R, Hardikar AA, Ramachandran AV (2011) Antioxidant rich flavonoids from Oreocnide integrifolia enhance glucose uptake and insulin secretion and protects pancreatic β-cells from streptozotocin insult. BMC Complement Altern Med 11:126. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-11-126
Arafah A, Rehman MU, Mir TM, Wali AF, Ali R, Qamar W, Khan R, Ahmad A, Aga SS, Alqahtani S, Almatroudi NM (2020) Multi-Therapeutic Potential of Naringenin (4’,5,7-Trihydroxyflavonone): Experimental Evidence and Mechanisms. Plants (basel) 9:1784. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9121784
Arumugam B, Palanisamy UD, Chua KH, Kuppusamy UR (2016) Potential antihyperglycaemic effect of myricetin derivatives from Syzygium malaccense. J Funct Foods 22:325–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2016.01.038
Bai J, Wang Y, Zhu X, Shi J (2019) Eriodictyol inhibits high glucose-induced extracellular matrix accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation in human glomerular mesangial cells. Phytother Res 33:2775–2782. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6463
Bakoma B, Berké B, Diallo A, Eklu-Gadegbeku K, Aklikokou K, Gbeassor M, Moore N (2018) Catechins as antidiabetic compounds of Brideliaferruginea Benth root bark extract. J Pharmacogn Phytotherapy 10:182–186. https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP2018.0528
Biscetti F, Rando MM, Nardella E, Cecchini AL, Pecorini G, Landolfi R, Flex A (2019) High mobility group box-1 and diabetes mellitus complications: state of the art and future perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 20:6258. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20246258
Bondonno NP, Dalgaard F, Kyrø C, Murray K, Bondonno CP, Lewis JR, Croft KD, Gislason G, Scalbert A, Cassidy A, Tjønneland A, Overvad K, Hodgson JM (2019) Flavonoid intake is associated with lower mortality in the danish diet cancer and health cohort. Nat Comm 10:3651. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11622-x
Buer CS, Imin N, Djordjevic MA (2010) Flavonoids: new roles for old molecules. J Integr Plant Biol 52:98–111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7909.2010.00905.x
Chang X, Zhang W, Zhao Z, Ma C, Zhang T, Meng Q, Yan P, Zhang L, Zhao Y (2020) Regulation of mitochondrial quality control by natural drugs in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases: potential and advantages. Front Cell Dev Biol 8:616139. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.616139
Chen F, Ma Y, Sun Z, Zhu X (2018) Tangeretin inhibits high glucose-induced extracellular matrix accumulation in human glomerular mesangial cells. Biomed Pharmacother 102:1077–1083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.169
Cheong SH, Furuhashi K, Ito K, Nagaoka M, Yonezawa T, Miura Y, Yagasaki K (2014) Daidzein promotes glucose uptake through glucose transporter 4 translocation to plasma membrane in L6 myocytes and improves glucose homeostasis in Type 2 diabetic model mice. J Nutr Biochem 25:136–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.09.012
Cho N, Shaw JE, Karuranga S, Huang YD, da Rocha Fernandes JD, Ohlrogge AW, Malanda B (2018) IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 138:271–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2018.02.023
Choi MS, Jung UJ, Yeo J, Kim MJ, Lee MK (2008) Genistein and daidzein prevent diabetes onset by elevating insulin level and altering hepatic gluconeogenic and lipogenic enzyme activities in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 24:74–81. https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.780
Ciumărnean L, Milaciu MV, Runcan O, Vesa ȘC, Răchișan AL, Negrean V, Perné MG, Donca VI, Alexescu TG, Para I, Dogaru G (2020) The effects of flavonoids in cardiovascular diseases. Molecules 25:4320. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184320
Das D, Sarkar S, Bordoloi J, Wann SB, Kalita J, Manna P (2018) Daidzein, its effects on impaired glucose and lipid metabolism and vascular inflammation associated with type 2 diabetes. BioFactors 44:407–417. https://doi.org/10.1002/biof.1439
Den Hartogh DJ, Tsiani E (2019) Antidiabetic properties of naringenin: a citrus fruit polyphenol. Biomolecules 9:99. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9030099
Deng Y, Lu S (2017) Biosynthesis and regulation of phenylpropanoids in plants. Crit Rev Plant Sci 36:257–290. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352689.2017.1402852
Fang XK, Gao J, Zhu DN (2008) Kaempferol and quercetin isolated from Euonymus alatus improve glucose uptake of 3T3-L1 cells without adipogenesis activity. Life Sci 82:615–622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2007.12.021
Griendling KK, Sorescu D, Ushio-Fukai M (2000) NAD(P)H oxidase: role in cardiovascular biology and disease. Circ 86:494–501. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.86.5.494
Hameed A, Hafizur RM, Hussain N, Raza SA, Rehman M, Ashraf S, Ul-Haq Z, Khan F, Abbas G, Choudhary MI (2018) Eriodictyol stimulates insulin secretion through cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in mice islets. Eur J Pharmacol 820:245–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.12.015
Hanamura T, Mayama C, Aoki H, Hirayama Y, Shimizu M (2006) Antihyperglycemic effect of polyphenols from Acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) fruit. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 70:1813–1820. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.50592
Harding JL, Pavkov ME, Magliano DJ, Shaw JE, Gregg EW (2019) Global trends in diabetes complications: a review of current evidence. Diabetologia 62:3–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-018-4711-2
Harley BK, Dickson RA, Amponsah IK, Ben IO, Adongo DW, Fleischer TC, Habtemariam S (2020) Flavanols and triterpenoids from Myrianthus arboreus ameliorate hyperglycaemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats possibly via glucose uptake enhancement and α-amylase inhibition. Biomed Pharmacother 132:110847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110847
Huang CF, Chen YW, Yang CY, Lin HY, Way TD, Chiang W, Liu SH (2011) Extract of lotus leaf (Nelumbo nucifera) and its active constituent catechin with insulin secretagogue activity. J Agric Food Chem 59:1087–1094. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf103382h
Huang G, Xu J, Guo TL (2019) Isoflavone daidzein regulates immune responses in the B6C3F1 and non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Int immunopharmacol Jun 71:277–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2019.03.046.
Huynh K, Bernardo BC, McMullen JR, Ritchie RH (2014) Diabetic cardiomyopathy: mechanisms and new treatment strategies targeting antioxidant signaling pathways. Pharmacol Therap 142:375–415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.01.003
Jiang B, Geng Q, Li T, Firdous SM, Zhou X (2020) Morin attenuates STZ-induced diabetic retinopathy in experimental animals. Saudi J Biol Sci 27:2139–2142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.06.001
Kamalakkannan N, Prince PS (2006) Antihyperglycaemic and antioxidant effect of rutin, a polyphenolic flavonoid, in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 98:97–103. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-7843.2006.pto_241.x
Kawser Hossain M, AbdalDayem A, Han J, Yin Y, Kim K, Kumar Saha S, Yang GM, Choi HY, Cho SG (2016) Molecular mechanisms of the anti-obesity and anti-diabetic properties of flavonoids. Int J Molecular Sci 17:569. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17040569
Khavandi K, Khavandi A, Asghar O, Greenstein A, Withers S, Heagerty AM, Malik RA (2009) Diabetic cardiomyopathy–a distinct disease? Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 23:347–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2008.10.016
Kim HK, Jeong TS, Lee MK, Park YB, Choi MS (2003) Lipid-lowering efficacy of hesperetin metabolites in high-cholesterol fed rats. Clin Chim Acta 327:129–137
Kozłowska A, Szostak-Węgierek D (2018) Flavonoids–food sources, health benefits, and mechanisms involved. (eds) Bioactive Molecules in Food. Reference Series in Phytochemistry. Springer, Cham pp 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54528-8_54-1
Kuo SM (2002) Flavonoids and gene expression in mammalian cells. Flavonoids in cell function. pp 191–200. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5235-9_18
Kwon EY, Choi MS (2019) Dietary eriodictyol alleviates adiposity, hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, and inflammation in diet-induced obese mice. Int J Mol Sci 20:1227. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20051227
Larkins N, Wynn S (2004) Pharmacognosy: phytomedicines and their mechanisms. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 34:291–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2003.09.006
Lin X, Xu Y, Pan X, Xu J, Ding Y, Sun X, Song X, Ren Y, Shan PF (2020) Global, regional, and national burden and trend of diabetes in 195 countries and territories: an analysis from 1990 to 2025. Sci Rep 10:14790. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-71908-9
Liu J, Osbourn A, Ma P (2015) MYB transcription factors as regulators of phenylpropanoid metabolism in plants. Mol Plant 8:689–698
Lu N, Sun Y, Zheng X (2011) Orientin-induced cardioprotection against reperfusion is associated with attenuation of mitochondrial permeability transition. Planta Med 77:984–991. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1250718
Lv P, Yu J, Xu X, Lu T, Xu F (2019) Eriodictyol inhibits high glucose-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in retinal ganglial cells. J Cell Biochem 120:5644–5651. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.27848
MacKenzie T, Leary L, Brooks WB (2007) The effect of an extract of green and black tea on glucose control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: double-blind randomized study. Metabolism 56:1340–1344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2007.05.018
Malik S, Suchal K, Khan SI, Bhatia J, Kishore K, Dinda AK, Arya DS (2017) Apigenin ameliorates streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats via MAPK-NF-κB-TNF-α and TGF-β1-MAPK-fibronectin pathways. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 313:F414–F422. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00393.2016
Mathesius U (2018) Flavonoid functions in plants and their interactions with other organisms. Plants 7:30. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants7020030
Matough FA, Budin SB, Hamid ZA, Alwahaibi N, Mohamed J (2012) The role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in diabetic complications. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 12(1):5–18
Mezei O, Banz WJ, Steger RW, Peluso MR, Winters TA, Shay N (2003) Soy isoflavones exert antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects through the PPAR pathways in obese Zucker rats and murine RAW 264.7 cells. J Nutr 133:1238–1243. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/133.5.1238
Milstein JL, Ferris HA (2021) The brain as an insulin-sensitive metabolic organ. Mol Metabolism 52:101234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101234
Murunga AN, Miruka DO, Driver C, Nkomo FS, Cobongela SZ, Owira PM (2016) Grapefruit derived flavonoid naringin improves ketoacidosis and lipid peroxidation in type 1 diabetes rat model. PLoS ONE 11:e0153241. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153241
Mauricio, D ed. (2015) Molecular nutrition and diabetes: a volume in the molecular nutrition series. Academic Press.
Orrego R, Leiva E, Cheel J (2009) Inhibitory effect of three C-glycosyl flavonoids from Cymbopogoncitratus (Lemon grass) on human low density lipoprotein oxidation. Molecules 14:3906–3913. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules14103906
Panche AN, Diwan AD, Chandra SR (2016) Flavonoids: an overview. J Nutr Sci 5:E47. https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2016.41
Pandey VK, Mathur A, Khan MF, Kakkar P (2019) Activation of PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway contributes to diabetic hepatotoxicity: attenuation of ER stress by Morin. Cell Signal 59:41–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.03.008
Paoli P, Cirri P, Caselli A, Ranaldi F, Bruschi G, Santi A, Camici G (2013) The insulin-mimetic effect of Morin: a promising molecule in diabetes treatment. Biochem Biophys Acta Gen Subj 1830:3102–3111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.01.017
Park SA, Choi MS, Cho SY, Seo JS, Jung UJ, Kim MJ, Sung MK, Park YB, Lee MK (2006) Genistein and daidzein modulate hepatic glucose and lipid regulating enzyme activities in C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice. Life Sci 79:1207–1213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2006.03.022
Pizzino G, Irrera N, Cucinotta M, Pallio G, Mannino F, Arcoraci V, Squadrito F, Altavilla D, Bitto A (2017) Oxidative stress: harms and benefits for human health. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2017:8416763. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8416763
Prabhakar PK, Doble M (2011) Mechanism of action of natural products used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Chin J Integr Med 17:563–574. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-011-0810-3
Qi SS, He J, Yuan LP, Le Wu J, Zu YX, Zheng HX (2020) Cyanidin-3-glucoside from black rice prevents renal dysfunction and renal fibrosis in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. J Funct Foods 72:104062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2020.104062
Rahman S, Mathew S, Nair P, Ramadan WS, Vazhappilly CG (2021) Health benefits of cyanidin-3-glucoside as a potent modulator of Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress. Inflammopharmacology 29:907–923. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-021-00799-7
Rajappa R, Sireesh D, Salai MB, Ramkumar KM, Sarvajayakesavulu S, Madhunapantula SV (2019) Treatment with naringenin elevates the activity of transcription factor Nrf2 to protect pancreatic β-cells from streptozotocin-induced diabetes in vitro anid in vivo. Front Pharmacol 9:1562. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.01562
Rajendiran DE, Packirisamy SU, Gunasekaran KR (2018) A review on role of antioxidants in diabetes. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 11:48–53
Rupasinghe HPV (2020) Special issue flavonoids and their disease prevention and treatment potential: recent advances and future perspectives. Molecules 25:4746. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25204746
Rupasinghe HV, Arumuggam N, Amararathna M, De Silva AB (2018) The potential health benefits of haskap (Lonicera caerulea L.): role of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside. J Funct Foods 44:24–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2018.02.023
Sabu MC, Smitha K, Kuttan R (2002) Anti-diabetic activity of green tea polyphenols and their role in reducing oxidative stress in experimental diabetes. J Ethnopharmacol 83:109–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00217-9
Samarghandian S, Azimi-Nezhad M, Farkhondeh T (2017) Catechin treatment ameliorates diabetes and its complications in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Dose-Response 15:1559325817691158. https://doi.org/10.1177/1559325817691158
Sasaki R, Nishimura N, Hoshino H, Isa Y, Kadowaki M, Ichi T, Tanaka A, Nishiumi S, Fukuda I, Ashida H, Horio F (2007) Cyanidin 3-glucoside ameliorates hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity due to downregulation of retinol binding protein 4 expression in diabetic mice. Biochempharmacol 74:1619–1627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2007.08.008
Schulz E, Tohge T, Zuther E, Fernie AR, Hincha DK (2016) Flavonoids are determinants of freezing tolerance and cold acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Sci Rep 6:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep34027
Sefi M, Fetoui H, Makni M, Zeghal N (2010) Mitigating effects of antioxidant properties of Artemisia campestris leaf extract on hyperlipidemia, advanced glycation end products and oxidative stress in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Food Chem Toxicol 48:1986–1993. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.05.005
Semwal DK, Semwal RB, Combrinck S, Viljoen A (2016) Myricetin: a dietary molecule with diverse biological activities. Nutrients 8:90. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8020090
Sharma D, Gondaliya P, Tiwari V, Kalia K (2019) Kaempferol attenuates diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting RhoA/Rho-kinase mediated inflammatory signalling. Biomed Pharmacothera 109:1610–1619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.195
Shiroma EJ, Cook NR, Manson JE, Moorthy MV, Buring JE, Rimm EB, Lee IM (2017) Strength training and the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Med Sci Sports Exerc 49:40. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000001063
Shukla R, Kashaw SK, Jain AP, Lodhi S (2016) Fabrication of Apigenin loaded gellan gum–chitosan hydrogels (GGCH-HGs) for effective diabetic wound healing. Int J Bio Macromol 91:1110–1119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.075
Siasos G, Tousoulis D, Tsigkou V, Kokkou E, Oikonomou E, Vavuranakis M, Basdra EK, Papavassiliou AG, Stefanadis C (2013) Flavonoids in atherosclerosis: an overview of their mechanisms of action. Curr Med Chem 20:2641–2660. https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867311320210003
Singh AK, Raj V, Keshari AK, Rai A, Kumar P, Rawat A, Maity B, Kumar D, Prakash A, De A, Samanta A (2018) Isolated mangiferin and naringenin exert antidiabetic effect via PPARγ/GLUT4 dual agonistic action with strong metabolic regulation. Chem Biol Interact 280:33–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2017.12.007
Singh S, Kumar V, Kumar N, Sharma P, Waheed SM (2020) Protective and modulatory effects of trapabispinosa and trigonellafoenum-graecumon neuroblastoma cells through neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Assay Drug Devel Technol 18:64–74. https://doi.org/10.1089/adt.2018.912
Sundaram R, Shanthi P, Sachdanandam P (2014) Effect of tangeretin, a polymethoxylated flavone on glucose metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Phytomedicine 21:793–799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2014.01.007
Taguchi K, Hida M, Hasegawa M, Matsumoto T, Kobayashi T (2016) Dietary polyphenol morin rescues endothelial dysfunction in a diabetic mouse model by activating the Akt/eNOS pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 60:580–588. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201500618
Taheri Y, Suleria HAR, Martins N, Sytar O, Beyatli A, Yeskaliyeva B, Seitimova G, Salehi B, Semwal P, Painuli S, Kumar A, Azzini E, Martorell M, Setzer WN, Maroyi A, Sharifi-Rad J (2020) Myricetin bioactive effects: moving from preclinical evidence to potential clinical applications. BMC Complement Med Ther 20:241. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-020-03033-z
Takahashi M, Ozaki M, Miyashita M, Fukazawa M, Nakaoka T, Wakisaka T, Matsui Y, Hibi M, Osaki N, Shibata S (2019) Effects of timing of acute catechin-rich green tea ingestion on postprandial glucose metabolism in healthy men. J Nutr Biochem 73:108221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108221
Taylor LP, Grotewold E (2005) Flavonoids as developmental regulators. Curr Opin Plant Biol 8:317–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2005.03.005
Tseng YT, Hsu HT, Lee TY, Chang WH, Lo YC (2021) Naringenin, a dietary flavanone, enhances insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor-mediated antioxidant defense and attenuates methylglyoxal-induced neurite damage and apoptotic death. Nutr Neurosci 24:71–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2019.1594554
Vinayagam R, Xu B (2015) Antidiabetic properties of dietary flavonoids: a cellular mechanism review. Nutr Metab (lond) 12:60. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-015-0057-7
Wang N, Yi WJ, Tan L, Zhang JH, Xu J, Chen Y, Qin M, Yu S, Guan J, Zhang R (2017) Apigenin attenuates streptozotocin-induced pancreatic β cell damage by its protective effects on cellular antioxidant defense. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 53:554–563. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11626-017-0135-4
Wojnar W, Zych M, Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak I (2018) Antioxidative effect of flavonoid naringenin in the lenses of type 1 diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 108:974–984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.092
Yao LH, Jiang YM, Shi J, Tomas-Barberan FA, Datta N, Singanusong R, Chen SS (2004) Flavonoids in food and their health benefits. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 59:113–122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-004-0049-7
Yazdankhah S, Hojjati M, Azizi MH (2019) The Antidiabetic potential of black mulberry extract-enriched pasta through inhibition of enzymes and glycemic index. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 74:149–155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-018-0711-0
Zhou Q, Cheng KW, Xiao J, Wang M (2020) The multifunctional roles of flavonoids against the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and AGEs-induced harmful effects. Trends Food Sci Technol 103:333–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2020.06.002
Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to the University of Chicago, Illinois, USA and Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India for constant support.
Funding
There was no funding agency requirement for this manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors contributed to the manuscript. Conceptualization, literature search, drafting by NR; review, suggestions and editing by DS. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethical approval
This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
Conflict of interest
Niharika Rasania has no conflict of interest. Deepti Sharan has no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Rasania, N., Sharan, D. A comprehensive review on the anti-diabetic properties of various flavonoids. ADV TRADIT MED (ADTM) (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13596-023-00725-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13596-023-00725-y