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Gene ontology enrichment analysis of PPAR-γ modulators from Cassia glauca in diabetes mellitus

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Abstract

Background

PPAR-γ has an integrative role in the management of insulin resistance; ligands of this receptor have emerged as potent insulin sensitizers and may modulate proteins involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Hence the present study is aimed to identify PPAR-γ modulators from the plant Cassia glauca and predict the ontology enrichment analysis utilizing various in-silico tools.

Methods

ChEBI database was used to mine the phytoconstituents present in the plant C. glauca, SwissTargetPrediction database was used to identify the targets, and scrutinizing of phytoconstituents modulating PPAR-γ was performed. Autodock4.0 was used to dock phytoconstituent ligands with the target PPAR-γ. Multiple open-source databases and in-silico tools were utilized to predict the drug-likeness characters and predict side effects of the phytoconstituents modulating PPAR-γ and STRING database was used to construct a network between the modulated genes.

Results

Twenty-four phytoconstituents were identified from the plant Cassia glauca from which four were found to modulate PPAR-γ, sennoside was predicted to have the greatest drug-likeness score and a significantly less side effect whereas diphenyl sulfone was predicted to show hepatotoxicity with the greatest pharmacological activity of 0.815. [epicatechin-(4beta- > 8)]5-epicatechin showed the lowest binding affinity with target PPAR-γ i.e. -8.6 kcal/mol and possessing a positive drug-likeness score with no side effect data.

Conclusion

Bioctives were found free from probable side effects leaving out diphenyl sulfone having a prediction of hepatotoxicity, the anti-diabetic property of the plant may be due to the presence of [epicatechin-(4beta- > 8)]5-epicatechin which needs further validation by in-vitro and in-vivo protocols.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sant Gajanan Maharaj College of Pharmacy, Mahagaon, Maharashtra, India

    Shama G. Ternikar

  2. Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, 590010, India

    M. B. Patil

  3. Department of Pharmacology, Orotta College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Asmara University, Asmara, Eritrea

    Ismail Pasha

  4. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, 590010, India

    Prarambh S. R. Dwivedi

Authors
  1. Shama G. Ternikar
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  2. M. B. Patil
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  4. Prarambh S. R. Dwivedi
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Correspondence to Ismail Pasha.

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Ternikar, S.G., Patil, M.B., Pasha, I. et al. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of PPAR-γ modulators from Cassia glauca in diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Metab Disord 20, 1239–1246 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-021-00848-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-021-00848-6

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