Abstract
A total of 21 different bioactives were identified from F. benghalensis in which 3 molecules, i.e., apigenin, 3′,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxyflavone, and kaempferol were predicted to target the highest number of proteins involved in diabetic pathogenesis in which protein tyrosine phosphatase 1b was primarily targeted. Similarly, a docking study identified ursolic acid to have the highest binding affinity with protein tyrosine phosphatase 1b. The combined synergic network analysis identified PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to be primarily modulated followed by the calcium signaling pathway. Similarly, in oral glucose tolerance test, we observed the efficacy of hydroalcoholic extract of F. benghalensis to lower the total area under the curve of glucose and increase total area under curve of insulin for 2 hours. Likewise, hydroalcoholic extract reversed the altered homeostatic hepatic enzymes after 28 days of treatments. Similarly, the extract also enhanced the antioxidant enzymes level like catalase and superoxide dismutase in liver homogenate. In summary, hydroalcoholic extract of F. benghalensis bark may act as an antidiabetic agent by enhancing the glycolysis, decreasing gluconeogenesis, promoting glucose uptake, enhancing insulin secretion, and maintaining pancreatic β-cell mass via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and downregulating the function of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1b.
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This work shares the common data for three groups (normal, diabetic, and GLI50) with the previously published article; Khanal P, Patil BM. Integration of network and experimental pharmacology to decipher the antidiabetic action of Duranta repens L. J Integr Med. 2021;19(1):66–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joim.2020.10.003.
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Acknowledgements
Pukar Khanal is thankful to Dr. Yadu Nandan Dey for his suggestions during the preparation of the manuscript. The authors are also thankful to Principal KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, and Head of Department, Department of Pharmacology for their support and providing necessary facilities.
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PK performed the review of literature, performed the work, and drafted the manuscript. BMP designed the work, supervised, and reviewed the final manuscript.
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Khanal, P., Patil, B.M. Consolidation of network and experimental pharmacology to divulge the antidiabetic action of Ficus benghalensis L. bark. 3 Biotech 11, 238 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-021-02788-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-021-02788-7