Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Peri and Postoperative Management of Cataract Surgery in Eyes with Ocular Inflammation

  • Ophthalmologic Surgery (R Shwamy and L Schocket, Section Editors)
  • Published:
Current Surgery Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of the Review

Cataracts in the setting of uveitis provide a challenge for the ophthalmologic surgeon due to the increased risk of post-operative and intra-operative complications. This review seeks to provide information to assist in the management of these complex patients.

Recent Findings

Cataract development is the most frequent complication of uveitis and must be managed surgically to achieve improved visual acuity for the patient. Prior to surgery, a patient should be free of inflammation for a minimum of three months to minimize the chance of post-operative complications, such as recurrent uveitis, cystoid macular edema, posterior capsular opacification, and recurrence of uveitic inflammation, all of which can lead to decreased visual acuity. Quiescence can be achieved with multiple medications, including corticosteroids, methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, and anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha drugs, such as adalimumab and infliximab.

Summary

Uveitis patients are at higher risk for complications after cataract surgery but can still achieve good visual outcomes if inflammation and any complications that do occur are adequately managed and controlled.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

Not applicable.

Code Availability

Not applicable.

References

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: •Of importance ••Of major importance

  1. Suttorp-Schulten MS, Rothova A. The possible impact of uveitis in blindness: a literature survey. Br J Ophthalmol. 1996;80(9):844–8. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.80.9.844.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Thorne JE, et al. Prevalence of noninfectious uveitis in the United States: a claims-based analysis. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2016;134(11):1237–45. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2016.3229.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Yeh S, Forooghian F, Suhler EB. Implications of the Pacific Ocular Inflammation uveitis epidemiology study. JAMA. 2014;311(18):1912–3. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.2294.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Renfro L, Snow JS. Ocular effects of topical and systemic steroids. Dermatol Clin. 1992;10(3):505–12.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Kump LI, Cervantes-Castañeda RA, Androudi SN, Foster CS. Analysis of pediatric uveitis cases at a tertiary referral center. Ophthalmology. 2005;112(7):1287–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2005.01.044.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Grzybowski A. Recent developments in cataract surgery. Ann Transl Med. 2020;8(22):1540. https://doi.org/10.21037/atm-2020-rcs-16.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. ••Ozates S, Berker N, Ozdal PC, Erol YO. Phacoemulsification in patients with uveitis: long-term outcomes. BMC Ophthalmol, 2020;20(1):109 doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-020-01373-5. This article provides a great look into the potential positive long-term visual outcomes that can be achieved after cataract surgery for a uveitis patient.

  8. Chu CJ, Dick AD, Johnston RL, Yang YC, Denniston AK, U. P. M. E. S. Group. Cataract surgery in uveitis: a multicentre database study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2017;101(8):1132–7. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-309047.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Balta O, Sungur G, Acar MA, Kosker M, Yakin M, Ornek F. Long-term results of cataract surgery in patients with anterior uveitis. Int Ophthalmol. 2018;38(4):1399–407. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-017-0598-z.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Mehta S, Linton MM, Kempen JH. Outcomes of cataract surgery in patients with uveitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2014;158(4):676-692.e7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2014.06.018.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Foster CS, Fong LP, Singh G. Cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation in patients with uveitis. Ophthalmology. 1989;96(3):281–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0161-6420(89)32898-3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Bélair ML, et al. Incidence of cystoid macular edema after cataract surgery in patients with and without uveitis using optical coherence tomography. Am J Ophthalmol. 2009;148(1):128-35.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2009.02.029.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. ••Horton S et al. Adalimumab in juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis: 5-year follow-up of the Bristol participants of the SYCAMORE trial. Am J Ophthalmol. 2019;207:170–174, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2019.06.007. This manuscript reports on the long-term follow up of a set of participants from the SYCAMORE Trial, which illustrated the effectiveness of adalimumab in treating uveitis.

  14. Ramanan AV, et al. A randomised controlled trial of the clinical effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of adalimumab in combination with methotrexate for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated uveitis (SYCAMORE Trial). Trials. 2014;15:14. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-15-14.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Bou R, et al. Clinical management algorithm of uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: interdisciplinary panel consensus. Rheumatol Int. 2015;35(5):777–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-015-3231-3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. LaMattina KC, Goldstein DA. Adalimumab for the treatment of uveitis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2017;13(3):181–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/1744666X.2017.1288097.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Barry RJ, Nguyen QD, Lee RW, Murray PI, Denniston AK. Pharmacotherapy for uveitis: current management and emerging therapy. Clin Ophthalmol. 2014;8:1891–911. https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S47778.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Schwartzman S. Advancements in the management of uveitis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2016;30(2):304–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.berh.2016.07.005.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Hunter RS, Lobo AM. Dexamethasone intravitreal implant for the treatment of noninfectious uveitis. Clin Ophthalmol. 2011;5:1613–21. https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S17419.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Gupta G, et al. Efficacy of intravitreal dexamethasone implant in patients of uveitis undergoing cataract surgery. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2019;27(8):1330–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2018.1524498.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Larochelle MB, Smith J, Dacey MS. Dexamethasone intravitreal implant in the treatment of uveitic macular edema in the perioperative cataract setting: a case series. Am J Ophthalmol. 2016;166:149–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2016.03.049.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Thorne JE, et al. Periocular triamcinolone vs. intravitreal triamcinolone vs. intravitreal dexamethasone implant for the treatment of uveitic macular edema: the periocular vs. INTravitreal corticosteroids for uveitic macular edema (POINT) trial. Ophthalmology. 2019;126(2):283–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.08.021.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Moshirfar M, Somani AN, Motlagh MN, Ronquillo YC. Management of cataract in the setting of uveitis: a review of the current literature. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2020;31(1):3–9. https://doi.org/10.1097/ICU.0000000000000626.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Leal I, et al. Efficacy and safety of intravitreal anti-tumour necrosis factor drugs in adults with non-infectious uveitis: a systematic review. Acta Ophthalmol. 2018;96(6):e665–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.13699.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Leal I, et al. Anti-TNF drugs for chronic uveitis in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Med (Lausanne). 2019;6:104. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2019.00104.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Chan NS, Ti SE, Chee SP. Decision-making and management of uveitic cataract. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2017;65(12):1329–39. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.IJO_740_17.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Leung TG, Lindsley K, Kuo IC. Types of intraocular lenses for cataract surgery in eyes with uveitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;3:CD007284. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007284.pub2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Zhang Y, Zhu X, He W, Jiang Y, Lu Y. Efficacy of cataract surgery in patients with uveitis: a STROBE-compliant article. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(30): e7353. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000007353.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Roesel M, Heinz C, Heimes B, Koch JM, Heiligenhaus A. Uveal and capsular biocompatibility of two foldable acrylic intraocular lenses in patients with endogenous uveitis–a prospective randomized study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2008;246(11):1609–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-008-0886-4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Brandsdorfer A, Patel SH, Chuck RS. The role of perioperative nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use in cataract surgery. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2019;30(1):44–9. https://doi.org/10.1097/ICU.0000000000000541.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Kandarakis SA, Petrou P, Papakonstantinou E, Spiropoulos D, Rapanou A, Georgalas I. Ocular nonsteroidal inflammatory drugs: where do we stand today? Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2020;39(3):200–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/15569527.2020.1760876.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. El-Gharbawy SA, Darwish EA, Eleinen KGA, Osman MH. Efficacy of addition of nepafenac 0.1% to steroid eye drops in prevention of post-phaco macular edema in high-risk eyes. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2019;29(4):453–7. https://doi.org/10.1177/1120672118799626.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Matsumura T, Iwasaki K, Arimura S, Takeda R, Takamura Y, Inatani M. Topical bromfenac reduces multiple inflammatory cytokines in the aqueous humour of pseudophakic patients. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):6018. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85495-w.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Cagini C, Pellegrino A, Cerquaglia A, Iaccheri B, Lupidi M, Fiore T. Comparison of the effect of diclofenac 0.1% and Nepafenac 0.1% on aqueous flare in patients undergoing cataract surgery: a prospective randomized study. Curr Eye Res. 2020;45(9):1089–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/02713683.2020.1725061.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Giannaccare G, Finzi A, Sebastiani S, Greco F, Versura P, Campos EC. The comparative efficacy and tolerability of diclofenac 0.1% and bromfenac 0.09% ophthalmic solutions after cataract surgery. Curr Eye Res. 2018;43(12):1445–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/02713683.2018.1501489.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Zhao X, Xia S, Wang E, Chen Y. Comparison of the efficacy and patients’ tolerability of Nepafenac and Ketorolac in the treatment of ocular inflammation following cataract surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(3): e0173254. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173254.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  37. Toyos MM. Comparison of once-daily bromfenac 0.07% versus once-daily nepafenac 0.3% in patients undergoing phacoemulsification. Ophthalmol Ther. 2019;8(2):261–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-019-0174-x.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Erichsen JH, Forman JL, Holm LM, Kessel L. Effect of anti-inflammatory regimen on early postoperative inflammation after cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000000455.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Juthani VV, Clearfield E, Chuck RS. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs versus corticosteroids for controlling inflammation after uncomplicated cataract surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;7:CD010516. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010516.pub2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Lim BX, Lim CH, Lim DK, Evans JR, Bunce C, Wormald R. Prophylactic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the prevention of macular oedema after cataract surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;11:CD006683. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006683.pub3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Kim SJ, Schoenberger SD, Thorne JE, Ehlers JP, Yeh S, Bakri SJ. Topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cataract surgery: a report by the american academy of ophthalmology. Ophthalmology. 2015;122(11):2159–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.05.014.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Sheppard JD. Topical bromfenac for prevention and treatment of cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery: a review. Clin Ophthalmol. 2016;10:2099–111. https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S86971.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  43. Schechter BA. Use of topical bromfenac for treating ocular pain and inflammation beyond cataract surgery: a review of published studies. Clin Ophthalmol. 2019;13:1439–60. https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S208700.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  44. Taubenslag KJ, Kim SJ, Grzybowski A. Anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapy for the prevention of cystoid macular edema after cataract surgery. Am J Ophthalmol. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2021.06.009.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Donnenfeld ED, et al. A multicenter randomized controlled fellow eye trial of pulse-dosed difluprednate 0.05% versus prednisolone acetate 1% in cataract surgery. Am J Ophthalmol. 2011;152(4):609-617.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2011.03.018.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Sheppard JD, Toyos MM, Kempen JH, Kaur P, Foster CS. Difluprednate 0.05% versus prednisolone acetate 1% for endogenous anterior uveitis: a phase III, multicenter, randomized study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014;55(5):2993–3002. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.13-12660.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  47. de Boer J, Wulffraat N, Rothova A. Visual loss in uveitis of childhood. Br J Ophthalmol. 2003;87(7):879–84. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.87.7.879.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  48. Sabri K, Saurenmann RK, Silverman ED, Levin AV. Course, complications, and outcome of juvenile arthritis-related uveitis. J AAPOS. 2008;12(6):539–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaapos.2008.03.007.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Rosenberg KD, Feuer WJ, Davis JL. Ocular complications of pediatric uveitis. Ophthalmology. 2004;111(12):2299–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2004.06.014.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Tomkins-Netzer O, et al. Long-term clinical outcome and causes of vision loss in patients with uveitis. Ophthalmology. 2014;121(12):2387–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.07.007.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Jones NP. The Manchester uveitis clinic: the first 3000 patients, 2: uveitis manifestations, complications, medical and surgical management. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2015;23(2):127–34. https://doi.org/10.3109/09273948.2014.968671.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. AlBloushi AF, et al. Incidence, risk factors and surgical outcomes of cataract among patients with uveitis in a University Referral Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2019;27(7):1105–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2018.1504970.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Blum-Hareuveni T, et al. Risk factors for the development of cataract in children with uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2017;177:139–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2017.02.023.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Ganesh SK, Mistry S. Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation in pediatric uveitis: a retrospective study. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2018;26(2):305–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2016.1206944.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. •O'Rourke M, McCreery K, Kilmartin D, Brosnahan D. Paediatric cataract in the uveitis setting. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2020;1120672120962059, doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1120672120962059. This manuscript provides a good overview of the rate of success and complication rates in a subset of pediatric uveitis patients that underwent cataract surgery.

  56. Sijssens KM, et al. Long-term ocular complications in aphakic versus pseudophakic eyes of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2010;94(9):1145–9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2009.167379.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Grajewski RS, Zurek-Imhoff B, Roesel M, Heinz C, Heiligenhaus A. Favourable outcome after cataract surgery with IOL implantation in uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Acta Ophthalmol. 2012;90(7):657–62. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.2011.02110.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. BenEzra D, Cohen E. Cataract surgery in children with chronic uveitis. Ophthalmology. 2000;107(7):1255–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0161-6420(00)00160-3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Yangzes S, et al. Long-term outcomes of cataract surgery in children with uveitis. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2019;67(4):490–5. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.IJO_846_18.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  60. Rotsos TG, Moschos MM. Cystoid macular edema. Clin Ophthalmol. 2008;2(4):919–30. https://doi.org/10.2147/opth.s4033.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  61. Yanoff M, Fine BS, Brucker AJ, Eagle RC. Pathology of human cystoid macular edema. Surv Ophthalmol. 1984;28:505–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6257(84)90233-9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Schallhorn JM, Niemeyer KM, Browne EN, Chhetri P, Acharya NR. Difluprednate for the treatment of uveitic cystoid macular edema. Am J Ophthalmol. 2018;191:14–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2018.03.027.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Wielders LHP, Schouten JSAG, Nuijts RMMA. Prevention of macular edema after cataract surgery. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2018;29(1):48–53. https://doi.org/10.1097/ICU.0000000000000436.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Cho H, Madu A. Etiology and treatment of the inflammatory causes of cystoid macular edema. J Inflamm Res. 2009;2:37–43. https://doi.org/10.2147/jir.s5706.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  65. Li YT, et al. Utilizing dexamethasone intravitreal implant to control postoperative inflammation in refractory uveitis undergoing cataract surgery. Int J Ophthalmol. 2021;14(2):317–22. https://doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2021.02.21.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  66. Roesel M, Tappeiner C, Heinz C, Koch JM, Heiligenhaus A. Comparison between intravitreal and orbital floor triamcinolone acetonide after phacoemulsification in patients with endogenous uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2009;147(3):406–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2008.09.011.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Chen JL, Bhat P, Lobo-Chan AM. Perioperative management of uveitic cataracts. Adv Ophthalmol Optom. 2019;4:325–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yaoo.2019.04.014.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  68. Chiu H, et al. Ten-year retrospective review of outcomes following phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation in patients with pre-existing uveitis. Can J Ophthalmol. 2017;52(2):175–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjo.2016.10.007.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Foster RE, Lowder CY, Meisler DM, Zakov ZN. Extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation in uveitis patients. Ophthalmology. 1992;99(8):1234–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0161-6420(92)31818-4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. •Sharief L, Lightman S, Baltinas J, Tomkins-Netzer O. Long-term effect of cataract phacoemulsification on the inflammation control and clinical outcome in uveitis patients. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2018;46(9):1048–1054 doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/ceo.13369. This paper highlights the fact that adequate pre-operative inflammation control minimizes the risk of uveitis recurrence after phacoemulsification.

  71. Jiang L, et al. Effect of hypothermic perfusion on phacoemulsification in cataract patients complicated with uveitis: a randomised trial. BMC Ophthalmol. 2020;20(1):232. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-020-01507-9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  72. Leffler CT, Schwartz SG, Peterson E, Couser NL, Salman AR. The first cataract surgeons in the British Isles. Am J Ophthalmol. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2021.03.009.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Donnenfeld ED, Holland EJ, Solomon KD. Safety and efficacy of nepafenac punctal plug delivery system in controlling postoperative ocular pain and inflammation following cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000000414.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Kang C, Keam SJ, Shirley M, Syed YY. Loteprednol etabonate (submicron) ophthalmic Gel 0.38%: a review in post-operative inflammation and pain following ocular surgery. Clin Drug Investig. 2020;40(4):387–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40261-020-00899-2.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  75. Kato K, Miyake K, Hirano K, Kondo M. Management of postoperative inflammation and dry eye after cataract surgery. Cornea. 2019;38(1):S25–33. https://doi.org/10.1097/ICO.0000000000002125.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Nassiri S, et al. Comparative analysis of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide-moxifloxacin versus standard perioperative eyedrops in cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2019;45(6):760–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2018.12.019.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

None.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mercer University School of Medicine, Columbus, GA, 31901, USA

    Cody Blanchard

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365B Clifton Road, Suite B2400C, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA

    Ghazala O’Keefe

Authors
  1. Cody Blanchard
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ghazala O’Keefe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ghazala O’Keefe.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

None.

Consent to Participate

Not applicable.

Consent for Publication

Not applicable.

Ethical Approval

Not applicable.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This article is part of the Topical collection on Ophthalmologic Surgery.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Blanchard, C., O’Keefe, G. Peri and Postoperative Management of Cataract Surgery in Eyes with Ocular Inflammation. Curr Surg Rep 10, 28–34 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40137-022-00310-3

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40137-022-00310-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation