Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Investigating the Effect of Treating Reinforcement with Different Additives on the Bearing Capacity of the Footing: An Experimental Study

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Indian Geotechnical Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Considering the interface characteristics between geosynthetics and soil is crucial in estimating the bearing capacity of reinforced footings. Surface treatment of geotextiles with various additives presents a viable solution for enhancing bearing capacity. This investigation presents the findings of plate load tests on square model footings placed on reinforced sand, both with and without treated geotextiles, aiming to investigate the influence of geotextile treatment on settlement and bearing capacity. The effect of the number of layers and different additives such as polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, cement, emulsion and lime was studied. The same treatment method was applied to both sides of the geotextile. Values of bearing capacity as well as load-settlement diagrams and bearing capacity ratio values (BCR) were evaluated. It is worth mentioning that the results of the experiments were validated through numerical modeling. The findings emphasize the significant impact of geotextile treatment on the behavior of footing on reinforced beds. This research contributes valuable insights into optimizing geotextile surface treatments for enhanced bearing capacity in geotechnical engineering applications. The findings offer practical implications for designing foundations and structures on reinforced soils, with treatment emerging as a promising solution for improved performance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Zamani S, Lajevardi SH, Yarivand A et al (2023) Experimental study of the behavior of square footing on reinforced sand with treated geotextile. Geo-Eng 14:19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40703-023-00195-w

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Gupta A, Dutta RK, Shrivastava R, Khatri VN (2017) Ultimate bearing capacity of square/rectangular footing on layered soil. Indian Geotech J 47:303–313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-017-0233-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Kazi M, Shukla SK, Habibi D (2015) An improved method to increase the load-bearing capacity of strip footing resting on geotextile-reinforced sand bed. Indian Geotech J 45:98–109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-014-0111-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Jha JN (2007) Effect of vertical reinforcement on bearing capacity of footing on sand. Indian Geotech J 37(1):64–78

    Google Scholar 

  5. Jha JN, Choudhary AK, Gill KS, Shukla SK (2013) Bearing capacity of a strip footing resting on reinforced fly ash slope: an analytical approach. Indian Geotech J 43:354–366. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-013-0059-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Phanikumar BR (2016) Influence of geogrid reinforcement on pullout response of granular pile-anchors (GPAs) in expansive sils. Indian Geotech J 46:437–444. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-016-0180-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Azzam WR, Nasr AM (2015) Bearing capacity of shell strip footing on reinforced sand. J Adv Res 6:727–737

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Hegde A, Sitharam TG (2017) Experiment and 3D-numerical studies on soft clay bed reinforced with different types of cellular confinement systems. Transp Geotech 10:73–84

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Latha GM, Somwanshi A, Reddy KH (2013) A multiple regression equation for prediction of bearing capacity of geosynthetic reinforced sand beds. Indian Geotech J 43:331–343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-013-0053-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Srilatha N, Latha GM, Puttappa CG (2017) Effect of slope angle on seismic response of unreinforced and reinforced soil slopes in shaking table tests. Indian Geotech J 47:326–337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-017-0225-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Abhishek SV, Rajyalakshmi K, Madhav MR (2015) Bearing capacity of strip footing on reinforced foundation bed over soft ground with granular trench. Indian Geotech J 45:304–317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-014-0138-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Saride S, Rayabharapu VK, Vedpathak S (2015) Evaluation of rutting behaviour of geocell reinforced sand subgrades under repeated loading. Indian Geotech J 45:378–388. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-014-0120-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Alawaji HA (2001) Settlement and bearing capacity of geogrid-reinforced sand over collapsible soil. Geotext Geomembr 19(2):75–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Panigrahi B, Pradhan PK (2019) Improvement of bearing capacity of soil by using natural geotextile. Int J Geo-Eng. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40703-019-0105-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Abu-Farsakh M, Chen Q, Sharma R (2013) An experimental evaluation of the behavior of footings on geosynthetic-reinforced sand. Soils Found 53(2):335–348

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Badakhshan E, Noorzad A (2017) Effect of footing shape and load eccentricity on behavior of geosynthetic reinforced sand bed. Geotext Geomembr 45(2):58–67

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Sridhar R, Prathap Kumar MT (2018) Effect of number of layers on coir geotextile reinforced sand under cyclic loading. Int J Geo-Eng. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40703-018-0078-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Ramjiram Thakur S, Naveen BP, Tegar JP (2021) Improvement in CBR value of soil reinforced with nonwoven geotextile sheets. Int J Geo-Eng 12(1):9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40703-020-00138-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Ravi K, Dash SK, Vogt S, Braeu G (2014) Behaviour of geosynthetic reinforced unpaved roads under cyclic loading. Indian Geotech J 44:77–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-013-0051-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Kolay PK, Kumar S, Tiwari D (2013) Improvement of bearing capacity of shallow foundation on geogrid reinforced silty clay and sand. J Constr Eng 2013:1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Hakeem BM, Hassona F (2022) Improvement of bearing capacity for soft soils supported by confined footings and sand columns: a numerical study. SVU-Int J Eng Sci Appl 3(1):1–7. https://doi.org/10.21608/svusrc.2022.117228.1026

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. El Sawwaf M, Nazir AK (2010) Behavior of repeatedly loaded rectangular footings resting on reinforced sand. Alex Eng J 49(4):349–356

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Lal D, Sankar N, Chandrakaran S (2017) Effect of reinforcement form on the behaviour of coir geotextile reinforced sand beds. Soils Found 57(2):227–236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Dastpak P, Abrishami S, Sharifi S, Tabaroei A (2020) Experimental study on the behavior of eccentrically loaded circular footing model resting on reinforced sand. Geotext Geomembr 48(5):647–654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.03.009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Badakhshan E, Noorzad A (2015) Load eccentricity effects on behavior of circular footings reinforced with geogrid sheets. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 7(6):691–699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2015.08.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Cicek E, Guler E, Yetimoglu T (2015) Effect of reinforcement length for different geosynthetic reinforcements on strip footing on sand soil. Soils Found 55(4):661–677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2015.06.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Toyosawa Y, Itoh K, Kikkawa N, Yang J-J, Liu F (2013) Influence of model footing diameter and embedded depth on particle size effect in centrifugal bearing capacity tests. Soils Found 53(2):349–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2012.11.027

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Chakraborty D, Kumar J (2015) Bearing capacity of circular footings on reinforced soils. Int J Geomech 15(1):04014034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2012.11.027

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Madhavi Latha G, Murthy VS (2007) Effects of reinforcement form on the behavior of geosynthetic reinforced sand. Geotext Geomembr 25(1):23–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2006.09.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Basudhar PK, Saha S, Deb K (2007) Circular footings resting on geotextile-reinforced sand bed. Geotext Geomembr 25(6):377–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2006.09.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Boushehrian JH, Hataf N (2003) Experimental and numerical investigation of the bearing capacity of model circular and ring footings on reinforced sand. Geotext Geomembr 21(4):241–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-1144(03)00029-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Sitharam TG, Sireesh S (2004) Model studies of embedded circular footing on geogrid-reinforced sand beds. In: proceedings of the institution of civil engineers-ground improvement, vol 8, pp. 69–75

  33. Latha GM, Somwanshi A (2009) Effect of reinforcement form on the bearing capacity of square footings on sand. Geotext Geomembr 27:409–422

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Krieger J, Thamm BR (1991) Studies of failure mechanisms and design methods for geotextile-reinforced soil walls. Geotext Geomembr 10(1):53–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/0266-1144(91)90017-Q

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Ebadi M, Habibagahi G, Hataf N (2015) Effect of cement treatment on soil-non woven geotextile interface. Sci Iran 22(1):69–80

    Google Scholar 

  36. Ajitha B, Jayadeep T (1997) Interfacial frictional properties of geotextiles and bio-mats. In: proceedings of Indian geotechnical conference, Vadodara, pp. 287–290

  37. Toufigh V, Hosseinali M, Shirkhorshidi SM (2016) Experimental study and constitutive modeling of polymer concrete’s behavior in compression. Constr Build Mater 112:183–190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Tuna SC, Altun S (2012) Mechanical behaviour of sand-geotextile interface. Sci Iran 19(4):1044–1051

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Wu H, Yao C, Li C, Miao M, Zhong Y, Lu Y, Liu T (2020) Review of application and innovation of geotextiles in geotechnical engineering. Materials 13(7):1774

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Carneiro JR, Morais M, de Lurdes Lopes M (2018) Degradation of polypropylene geotextiles with different chemical stabilisations in marine environments. Constr Build Mater 165:877–886

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Duman E, Sarıçiçek YE, Pekcan O, Gurbanov R, Gözen AG (2022) Applications of microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation on non-woven geotextiles. In: IOP conference series: materials science and engineering, Vol. 1260, IOP Publishing, p. 012024

  42. Shoushtari MR, Lashkari A, Martinez A (2023) Effect of fas-oil contamination on the mechanical behavior of sand-woven geotextile interface: experimental investigation and constitutive modeling. Geotext Geomembr 51(4):56–71

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Moffat R, Jadue C, Beltran JF, Herrera R (2017) Experimental evaluation of geosynthetics as reinforcement for shotcrete. Geotext Geomembr 45(3):161–168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Nam G, Wu N, Okubo K, Fujii T (2014) Effect of natural fiber reinforced polypropylene composite using resin impregnation. Agric Sci 5(13):1338

    Google Scholar 

  45. Dutta RK, Rao GV (2008) Potential of coir based products as soil reinforcement. Int J Earth Sci Eng 1(2):71–79

    Google Scholar 

  46. Long JH, Paul SL, Lampo RG (1989) Bond strength between geotextiles and concrete. Geotext Geomembr 8(2):113–132

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Ouria A, Mahmoudi A (2018) Laboratory and numerical modeling of strip footing on geotextile-reinforced sand with cement-treated interface. Geotext Geomembr 46(1):29–39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Desai CS, Zaman MM, Lightner JG, Siriwardane HJ (1984) Thin-layer element for interfaces and joints. Int J Numer Anal Methods Geomech 8(1):19–43

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Toufigh V, Saeid F, Ouria A, Desai CS, Saadatmanesh H (2014) Laboratory study of soil-cfrp interaction using pull-out test. Geomech Geoeng 9(3):208–214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Brooks JJ, Kenai S (1989) Impact properties of polymer grid reinforced cement mortar. Int J Cem Compos Lightweight Concr 11(3):159–165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. ASTM D2487–00 (2000) Standard classification of soils for engineering purposes (unified soil classification system), ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.www.astm.org

  52. ASTM D422–63 (2007) Standard test method for particle-size analysis of soils (withdrawn 2016), ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. www.astm.org

  53. ASTM D854–14 (2014) Standard test methods for specific gravity of soil solids by water pycnometer, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. www.astm.org

  54. ASTM D4253–00 (2000) Standard test methods for maximum index density and unit weight of soils using a vibratory table, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. www.astm.org

  55. ASTM D5261–10 (2018) Standard test method for measuring mass per unit area of geotextiles, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. www.astm.org

  56. ASTM D4632/D4632M-15a (2015) Standard test method for grab breaking load and elongation of geotextiles, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. www.astm.org

  57. Abbasi N, Mahdieh M (2018) Improvement of geotechnical properties of silty sand soils using natural pozzolan and lime. Int J Geo-Eng. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40703-018-0072-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Amadi AA, Okeiyi A (2017) Use of quick and hydrated lime in stabilization of lateritic soil: comparative analysis of laboratory data. Int J Geo-Eng. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40703-017-0041-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Chaudhary V, Yadav JS, Dutta RK (2023) Impact of nano-silica and cement on geotechnical properties of bentonite soil. Indian Geotech J. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-023-00816-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Hammad MA, Mohamedzein YEA, Al-Aghbari M (2023) Improvement of sabkha soils using cement and marble powder. Indian Geotech J. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-023-00799-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Bhuvaneshwari S, Robinson RG, Gandhi SR (2014) Behaviour of lime treated cured expansive soil composites. Indian Geotech J 44:278–293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-013-0081-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Mishra ENK (2012) Strength characteristics of clayey sub-grade soil stabilized with fly ash and lime for road works. Indian Geotech J 42:206–211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-012-0015-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Chethan BA, Ravi Shankar AU (2021) Strength and durability characteristics of cement and class f fly ash-treated black cotton soil. Indian Geotech J. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-020-00488-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Pushpakumara BHJ, Mendis WSW (2022) Suitability of rice husk ash (RHA) with lime as a soil stabilizer in geotechnical applications. Int J Geo-Eng. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40703-021-00169-w

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Salamatpoor S, Salamatpoor S (2017) Evaluation of adding crushed glass to different combinations of cement-stabilized sand. Int J Geo-Eng 8(1):2–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40703-017-0044-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Gupta A, Arora VK, Biswas S (2017) Contaminated dredged soil stabilization using cement and bottom ash for use as highway subgrade fill. Int J Geo-Eng. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40703-017-0057-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Karimi S, Aghajani HF (2023) The strength and microstructure of cemented sand-gravel (CSG) mixture containing fine-grained particles. Int J Geo-Eng 14(1):1–31. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40703-023-00182-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Nagesh S, Jagadeesh HS, Nithin KS (2021) Study on effect of laboratory roller compaction on unconfined compressive strength of lime treated soils. Int J Geo-Eng. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40703-021-00150-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Nguyen AD, Nguyen VT, Kim YS (2023) Finite element analysis on dynamic behavior of sheet pile quay wall dredged and improved seaside subsoil using cement deep mixing. Int J Geo-Eng. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40703-023-00186-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Johny R, Abraham BM, Sridharan A (2023) Effect of surcharge loading on lime-treated cochin marine clay subgrades. Indian Geotech J. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-023-00769-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Safdar M, Newson T, Shah F (2021) Consolidated drained (CID) behavior of fibre reinforced cemented toyoura sand in triaxial loading conditions. Int J Geo-Eng. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40703-021-00165-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Yoskimi Y, Tohano I (1972) Statistical significance of the relative density. Evaluation of relative density and its role in geotechnical projects involving cohesionless soils: ASTM STP523-EB.7744–1, Los Angeles; 25–30 June 1972. pp. 74–84

  73. Das BM, Sivakugan N (2018) Principles of foundation engineering. Cengage Learning, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  74. Guido VA, Chang DK, Sweeney MA (1986) Comparison of geogrid and geotextile reinforced earth slabs. Can Geotech J 23(4):435–440

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Omar MT, Das BM, Puri VK, Yen SC (1993) Ultimate bearing capacity of shallow foundations on sand with geogrid reinforcement. Can Geotech J 30(3):545–549

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Ji-ru Z, Xing C (2002) Stabilization of expansive soil by lime and fly ash. J Wuhan Univ Technol-Mater Sci Ed 17(4):73–77

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Malathi N, Komala DN, Shabeena S, Saahithya VJ (2021) Stabilization of expansive soil by using lime and reinforcement with geo-textile. In: IOP conference series: materials science and engineering, Vol. 1112, IOP Publishing, p. 012023

  78. Tiwari N, Satyam N (2020) An experimental study on the behavior of lime and silica fume treated coir geotextile reinforced expansive soil subgrade. Eng Sci Technol Int J 23(5):1214–1222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2019.12.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Archibong GA, Sunday EU, Akudike JC, Okeke OC, Amadi C (2020) A review of the principles and methods of soil stabilization. Int J Adv Acad Res Sci 6(3):2488–9849

    Google Scholar 

  80. Abdi MR, Ghalandarzadeh A, Chafi LS (2021) An investigation into the effects of lime on compressive and shear strength characteristics of fiber-reinforced clays. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 13(4):885–898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2020.11.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Huang TING, Zhang YX (2014) Mechanical properties of a PVA fiber reinforced engineered cementitious composite. In: proceedings of international structural engineering and construction, vol 1, pp. 439–444

  82. Lu C, Yuan Z, Yang C, Hou D, Yao Y (2023) Tensile properties of PVA and PE fiber reinforced engineered cementitious composites containing coarse silica sand. J Build Eng 75:106913

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. Gong G, Pyo J, Mathew AP, Oksman K (2011) Tensile behavior, morphology and viscoelastic analysis of cellulose nanofiber-reinforced (CNF) polyvinyl acetate (PVAc). Compos A Appl Sci Manuf 42(9):1275–1282

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Kamboj G, Gaff M, Smardzewski J, Haviarová E, Hui D, Rezaei F, Sethy AK (2022) Effect of cellulose nanofiber and cellulose nanocrystals reinforcement on the strength and stiffness of PVAc bonded joints. Compos Struct 295:115821

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Zhang C, Mei H, Hu G, Liu J, Xue J, Zhu X, Che W (2022) Experimental study on interfacial friction characteristics of reinforced clay. Polymers 14(21):4626

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. Ajalloeian R, Matinmanesh H, Abtahi SM, Rowshanzamir M (2013) Effect of polyvinyl acetate grout injection on geotechnical properties of fine sand. Geomech Geoeng 8(2):86–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. Zumrawi MME, Mohammed AE (2019) Effects of poly vinyl acetate on characteristics of expansive soil. J Mater Eng Struct 6(2):167–176

    Google Scholar 

  88. Haghjoo Z, Gholami L, Kavian A, Mosavi SR (2019) Changes study of soil splash and stability of soil aggregates using polyvinyl acetate. Iran J Watershed Manag Sci Eng 13(47):52–62

    Google Scholar 

  89. Bu F, Liu J, Bai Y, Prasanna Kanungo D, Song Z, Kong F, Pan C (2019) Effects of the preparation conditions and reinforcement mechanism of polyvinyl acetate soil stabilizer. Polymers 11(3):506

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. Vakili AH, Salimi M, Keskin I, Abujazar MSS, Shamsi M (2023) Effects of polyvinyl acetate content on contact erosion parameters of pavement embankment constructed by dispersive soils. Bull Eng Geol Env 82(10):398

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. Hasan MFR, Utama IZ, Razzak AFA, Salimah A, Agung PAM (2023) Clayshale stabilization using active natural lime to increase the shear strength of soil. In: IOP conference series: earth and environmental science, Vol 1173, IOP Publishing, p. 012025

  92. Ho LS, Nakarai K, Duc M, Le Kouby A, Maachi A, Sasaki T (2018) Analysis of strength development in cement-treated soils under different curing conditions through microstructural and chemical investigations. Constr Build Mater 166:634–646

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. Verbeck G (1958) Carbonation of hydrated portland cement. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, pp 17–36

    Google Scholar 

  94. Boutouba K, Benessalah I, Arab A, Henni AD (2019) Shear strength enhancement of cemented reinforced sand: role of cement content on the macro-mechanical behavior. Stud Geotech Mech 41(4):200–211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. Batra SS, Arora JS (2016) Effect of cationic bitumen emulsion on shear strength parameters of soil. Int J Res Eng Technol (IJRET) 5(9):156–160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. Nasvi MCM, Krishnya S (2019) Stability analysis of Colombo-katunayake expressway (CKE) using finite element and limit equilibrium methods. Indian Geotech J 49:620–634

    Article  Google Scholar 

  97. Rowe RK, Liu KW (2015) Three-dimensional finite element modelling of a full scale geosynthetic-reinforced, pile-supported embankment. Can Geotech J 52:2041e2054

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. Abhishek, Sharma RK (2019) A numerical study of granular pile anchors subjected to uplift forces in expansive soils using PLAXIS 3D. Indian Geotech J 49:304–313

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. Sivapriya SV, Gandhi SR (2013) Experimental and numerical study on pile behaviour under lateral load in clayey slope. Indian Geotech J 43(1):105–114

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran

    Siavash Zamani, Seyed Hamid Lajevardi & Ehsanolah Zeighami

  2. College of Civil Engineering, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Lorestan, Iran

    Akbar Yarivand

Authors
  1. Siavash Zamani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Seyed Hamid Lajevardi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Akbar Yarivand
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ehsanolah Zeighami
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Seyed Hamid Lajevardi.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zamani, S., Lajevardi, S.H., Yarivand, A. et al. Investigating the Effect of Treating Reinforcement with Different Additives on the Bearing Capacity of the Footing: An Experimental Study. Indian Geotech J (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-024-00920-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-024-00920-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation