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Vibration Control and Comparative Analysis of Passive and Active Suspension Systems Using PID Controller with Particle Swarm Optimization

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Abstract

A vehicle suspension system is a crucial component of an automobile that ultimately determines the vehicle's road handling performance and comfortable ride quality. The passive suspension system cannot improve the two properties simultaneously due to their limited structure, leading to wheel bounce and roll cornering. Therefore, an active system has become the topic of research to overcome these limitations. In the present work, the modelling of passive and active suspension systems for a quarter-car model using MATLAB/Simulink has been done by importing the mathematical model of both systems in the mentioned software. A PID controller is used to explore the performance of the active suspension system in terms of body acceleration and settling time of vibration amplitudes. Comparative analysis is then fetched out for various combinations of suspension parameters like spring stiffness and damping coefficient. It was investigated that body acceleration decreased by 92.20% and settling time reduced by 30%, improving ride comfort and road handling in the active system. The objective to obtain zero peak overshoot and minimum settling time is achieved by applying the particle swarm optimization technique (PSO) to determine the optimized scaling factors. After simulation results, body acceleration decreases further by 94.15%, and settling time reduces further by 30%, which is attributed to a vehicle's smooth ride and stable road handling. The PID control and PSO algorithm combination are more effective as it has depicted the best stability and reliability. This latest type of swarm intelligent control method procured a new way of thinking about the automotive active suspension control theory.

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  1. Mechanical & Automation Engineering Department, Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University for Women, Delhi, India

    Nathi Ram Chauhan & Mahima Srivastava

  2. Mechanical Engineering, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Cuttack, Odisha, India

    Yusuf Parvez

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Parvez, Y., Chauhan, N.R. & Srivastava, M. Vibration Control and Comparative Analysis of Passive and Active Suspension Systems Using PID Controller with Particle Swarm Optimization. J. Inst. Eng. India Ser. C (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40032-024-01038-y

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