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Study of Karyotype Asymmetry and Chromosome Number in Seven Cooking Bananas (Musa acuminata L.)

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Karyomorphological analysis was done in cooking banana cultivars (Musa acuminate L.) namely cv. Gajabnatala, cv. Paunsiabnatala, cv. Mendhibantala, cv. Desi-Dakshinisagar, cv. Normal-Daksinisagar, cv. Mutant-Daksinisagar and cv. Shankara of Odisha, India. All cultivars were 2n = 3x = 33 with an average mitotic metaphase chromosome length ranged from 1.20 µm in cv. Shankara to 2.15 µm in cv. Desi-Dakhinisagara. Total chromosome length varied from 39.75 to 71.04 µm. Predominance of nearly median chromosomes found a typical characteristic of the seven studied plantain cultivars in which the total F% varied from 38.63 in cv. Mendhibantala to 45.31 in cv. Desi-Dakhinisagara. The total chromosome volume was found lowest in cv. Shankara (18.46 µm) and highest in cv. Desi-Dakhinisagara (32.24 µm). The interphase nuclear volume calculated ranged from 562.50 µm3 in cv. Shankara to 1463.04 µm3 in cv. Mendhibantala. ‘Desi-Dakhinisagara’ with the highest karyotype asymmetry value found advanced cultivar among all with lowest asymmetry in cv. Mutant Dakhinisagara found primitive. UPGMA clustering of five intra-chromosomal and two inter-chromosomal asymmetry indexes revealed the plantain cultivars except cv. Mendhibantala along with cv. Shankara and cv. Dakhinisagara along with cv. Mendhibantala were grouped together in the phylogenetic tree.

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Acknowledgements

The research was supported with funds by Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India from the project (DBT-NER/AGRI/33/2016 (Group-I, Application No. 90). We are thankful to the Head of the Botany, Utkal University, for providing supportive and microscopic laboratory facilities, which are funded by DRS-SAP-III, University Grant Commission and DST-FIST, Govt. of India, to carry out the experiment. ABD acknowledges the receipt of Emeritus Professorship from CSIR, HRDG EMR-II (Scheme No. 21 (1107) /20/EMR-II), Ministry of Science and Technology, Govt. of India . All authors declare that they have checked the text of the manuscript, tables and photographs provided out of our research work and approve the submission of the manuscript to the Journal for publication.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Botany, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751004, India

    Eleena Panda, Subrat Kumar Dehery, Chinmay Pradhan & Anath Bandhu Das

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  1. Eleena Panda
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  2. Subrat Kumar Dehery
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  3. Chinmay Pradhan
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  4. Anath Bandhu Das
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Contributions

Prof. ABD conceives the experiments and finalizes the MS text write-up as principal investigator of DBT, and CSIR EMR-II, DST, Govt. of India Project. Mrs. EP took the experimental data and part of calculation as JRF of the Project. Mr. SD and Dr. CP were responsible for data calculation, graph preparation and first draft manuscript writing as JRF and co-principal investigator of the DBT Project respectfully.

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Correspondence to Anath Bandhu Das.

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Significance Statement

Genetic improvement of cooking banana is of greater importance as it is one of the major carbohydrate sources of millions of poor people with iron, magnesium, calcium minerals and for dietary fibers. Chromosome morphology, karyotype asymmetry of seven cooking cultivars of Musa acuminate showed triploid (2n = 3x = 33) chromosome. Variation in intra-chromosomal karyotype asymmetry established phylogenetic relationships among cooking banana which may be used for utilization of disease resistant characters to table-top banana in crop improvement through breeding.

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Panda, E., Dehery, S.K., Pradhan, C. et al. Study of Karyotype Asymmetry and Chromosome Number in Seven Cooking Bananas (Musa acuminata L.). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, Sect. B Biol. Sci. 93, 387–395 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-022-01427-2

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