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Anti-Venom Potential of Canthium parviflorum Against Naja naja Venom by In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Plant extracts are extensively used in folk medicine to treat the snake bites. In the present study, anti-venom potential of Canthium parviflorum root extracts against Naja naja venom was studied by in vitro and in vivo methods. Ethyl acetate and methanolic root extracts were analysed for in vitro neutralization of 5′-nucleotidase, phospholipase A2, acetylcholinesterase, phosphodiesterase, hyaluronidase, phosphomonoesterase and protease enzyme activities. Neutralization of pharmacological activities like fibrinogenolytic, and direct and indirect haemolytic activities with active methanol extract was performed. Lethal toxicity determination and its inhibition by root extract were carried out in vitro on chick embryo and in vivo on mice model. Further, venom induced edema, myotoxicity and its neutralization were carried out in the mice model. Both extracts inhibited all enzyme activities in a dose dependent manner with various IC50 values. However, only methanol extract effectively neutralized protease activity. Active methanol extract significantly neutralized all the pharmacological activities at various concentrations. Lethal dose (LD50) of venom was 2.5 µg/egg and effective dose of plant was 0.79 mg/egg for 2 LD50 of the venom. LD50 value of venom was 0.38 mg/kg body weight of mice and survival time was prolonged due to plant extract. At 1:10 and 1:20 of venom: plant extract concentration (w/w) significantly neutralized edema and myotoxic effects respectively in mice model. The present study revealed the potential of C. parviflorum root extract for its anti-venom properties and the plants could be considered as a potential source of anti-venom phytoconstituents.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Jain University for their financial support and infrastructure facilities to carry out the research work. They are thankful to Nargund College of Pharmacy, Karnataka, India to provide facilities to carry out the animal studies. They would like to acknowledge the Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biological (IVHVB), Bangalore, Karnataka, India to provide the facilities and valuable suggestions to carry out egg experiments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Post Graduate Studies, Jain University, Bangalore, India

    Vineetha M. Shrikanth & Bhavya Janardhan

  2. School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India

    Sunil S. More

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  1. Vineetha M. Shrikanth
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  2. Bhavya Janardhan
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  3. Sunil S. More
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Correspondence to Sunil S. More.

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Significance of paper The present study demonstrated the anti-venom potential of C. parvifloum root extracts against the Naja naja venom. The outcome of the present study is encouraging and intended to bridge the gap between traditional knowledge.

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Shrikanth, V.M., Janardhan, B. & More, S.S. Anti-Venom Potential of Canthium parviflorum Against Naja naja Venom by In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, Sect. B Biol. Sci. 89, 483–492 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-017-0959-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-017-0959-4

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