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Three-Dimensional Printing for Oral Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

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Abstract

Background

The advent of three-dimensional (3D) printers in the pharmaceutical industry is making a leap forward. 3D printing technology can be applied to patient-friendly drug development by adjusting drug dose, shape, flavor, and dug release pattern to meet individual patient needs. Oral pharmaceutical dosage forms can be printed using various 3D printing technologies, and it is necessary to understand the characteristics and applied conditions of each printing technology.

Area covered

This article covers five commonly used 3D printing technologies (binder jetting, material extrusion, vat photopolymerization, material jetting, and powder bed fusion) and the properties of four oral pharmaceutical dosage forms (immediate-release tablets, modified-release tablets, orodispersible tablets, and orodispersible films) produced using 3D printing technology.

Expert opinion

3D printing technologies are suitable for preparing drugs in oral dosage forms. Based on the understanding of the factors of 3D printing that influence drug release, it is possible to develop patient-friendly 3D-printed drugs for various active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).

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Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Copyright© 2016, with permission from Elsevier). d–f Printlets with different infill density produced by direct powder extrusion (DPE). d Photographs and microCT scans of 3D-printed tablets with 30% infill density and e 80% infill density. f Relative dissolved amount of a drug at 30 min, for directly printed 10% caffeine tablets with low (30%) and high (80%) infill densities (reproduced with modifications from Fanous et al. (2020), Copyright© 2020, with permission from Elsevier). g-i Caplets with perforated channels to accelerate drug release from 3D-printed tablets. g Schematic illustration of perforating 18-square sectioned channels in caplet design. h Visualization of XμCT data of an 18-short channel design with 1mm channels. i Impact of channel width and orientation on the dissolution release pattern of hydrochlorothiazide methacrylate tablets (reproduced with modifications from Sadia et al. (2018a), Copyright© 2018, with permission from Elsevier)

Fig. 3

Copyright© 2015, with permission from the American Chemical Society) d–f 3D-printed polypills. d Schematic structural diagram of the polypill design, showing the aspirin and hydrochlorothiazide immediate-release compartment and atenolol, pravastatin, and ramipril sustained-release compartments. e Image of multi-active tablets composed of sustained-release compartments (bottom) and immediate-release dotted compartments (top). f In vitro cumulative drug release profiles of each drug from the five drug-loaded compartments of the polypill (reproduced with permission from Khaled et al. (2015), Copyright© 2015, with permission from Elsevier)

Fig. 4

Copyright© 2018, with permission from Elsevier)

Fig. 5

Copyright© 2018, with permission from Elsevier). d, e Aripiprazole loaded QR-coded orodispersible film (QRODF). d Visual images of QRODF containing 20 mg aripiprazole. e Example of the foldability of QRODF (reproduced with modifications from Oh et al. (2020), Copyright© 2020, with permission from Elsevier)

Fig. 6

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (No. 2019R1A2C1005121).

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All authors (J.H. Kim, K. Kim, and H.-E. Jin) declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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This article does not contain any studies with human and animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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  1. College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea

    Ji Hoon Kim, Kyeongjin Kim & Hyo-Eon Jin

  2. Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea

    Hyo-Eon Jin

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Kim, J.H., Kim, K. & Jin, HE. Three-Dimensional Printing for Oral Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms. J. Pharm. Investig. 52, 293–317 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40005-022-00561-3

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