Abstract
The net retention volumes, V N , of n-alkanes and polar probes on 2-hydroxypyrimidine sulphate (2-HPS) drug surface are determined at 323.15, 328.15 and 333.15 K using inverse gas chromatography. The dispersive surface free energy, \( \gamma_{S}^{d} \) of 2-HPS are evaluated by applying Schultz method as well as Dorris–Gray method and found that \( \gamma_{S}^{d} \) values are higher by 8 per cent in the latter method. The \( \gamma_{S}^{d} \) values are decreasing in both the methods with increase of temperature. The specific component of the free energy of adsorption, \( \Updelta G_{a}^{S} \), for polar probes are obtained by three methods proposed by Schultz et al., Saint Flour–Papirer and Sawyer–Brookman. The Lewis acid–base parameters, K a and K b , are calculated using \( \Updelta G_{a}^{S} \) values. The surface character value, S = (K b /K a ) according to the Schultz et al., is found to be 3.9 whereas the S value in the other two methods are found to be 6.2 and 5.6. The results demonstrate that the 2-HPS powder surface contain relatively more basic sites and can interact strongly in the acidic media.
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Abbreviations
- a:
-
Cross sectional area of probe
- \( a_{{CH_{2} }} \) :
-
Cross sectional area of methylene group
- AN*:
-
Guttmann’s modified acceptor number
- DN :
-
Guttmann’s donor number
- F:
-
Volume flow rate of carrier gas
- \( \Updelta G_{a}^{S} \) :
-
Specific component of surface free energy
- \( \Updelta H_{a}^{S} \) :
-
The specific component of enthalpy of adsorption
- J:
-
James Martin correction factor
- K:
-
Constant in Eq. 4
- K a :
-
Lewis acid- parameter
- K b :
-
Lewis base- parameter
- N:
-
Avogadro’s number
- P :
-
Saturated vapour pressure of a probe
- P o :
-
Atmospheric pressure
- P w :
-
Saturated vapor pressure of water at ambient temperature
- r:
-
Correlation coefficient
- R:
-
Gas constant
- S:
-
Surface character value
- \( \Updelta S_{a}^{S} \) :
-
The specific component of entropy of adsorption
- t (°C):
-
Temperature
- t b (°C):
-
Boiling point of a probe
- t o :
-
Retention time of methane
- t R :
-
Retention time of a probe
- T(K):
-
Column temperature
- V N :
-
Net retention volume of a probe
- V N,n :
-
Net retention volume of n- alkane with carbon number n
- V N (ref):
-
Dispersive component of the net retention volume of a polar probe
- \( \gamma_{{CH_{2} }} \) :
-
Dispersive surface free energy of adsorbent containing only methylene groups
- \( \gamma_{l}^{d} \) :
-
Dispersive free energy of a probe
- \( \gamma_{S}^{d} \) :
-
Dispersive surface free energy of adsorbent
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Acknowledgments
The author BPK is grateful to the University Grants Commission, New Delhi for the award of Basic Scientific Research Meritorious Fellowship.
Conflict of interest
The article does not contain any studies with human and animal subjects performed by any of the authors. And all authors (BP Kumar, TM Reddy, and KS Reddy) declare that they have no conflict of interest.
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Kumar, B.P., Reddy, T.M. & Reddy, K.S. Surface characterization of 2-hydroxypyrimidine sulphate by inverse gas chromatography. Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation 44, 9–14 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40005-013-0096-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40005-013-0096-x