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Sustainable approach for photocatalytic and sorptive abatement of crystal violet dye using antimony-doped cerium vanadate (Sb-CeVO4)

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Abstract

Herein, antimony-doped cerium vanadate (Sb-CeVO4) has been reported as photocatalyst and active solid-phase adsorbent for the removal of crystal violet (CV) dye from aqueous medium. The synthesized materials were characterized by UV–Vis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM–EDX) techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD) depicted the formation of crystalline CeVO4 and Sb-CeVO4 having tetragonal phase. The SEM analysis showed the particle sizes of materials in a range 25–45 nm. The computed band gap energy for 10%-Sb-CeVO4 (3.68 eV) was the lowest among all, indicating its more appropriateness for photocatalytic removal of crystal violet dye (82.6%) in 35 min only. In order to determine the adsorption of dye, various parameters such as contact time, dose of adsorbent, temperature, dye concentration, shaking speed/ RPM, and pH were optimized. The adsorption values were 50, 54.6, 114.9, 123.5, 153.8, and 285.7 mg/g by using undoped-CeVO4, 1%-Sb-CeVO4, 3%-Sb-CeVO4, 5%-Sb-CeVO4, 7%-Sb-CeVO4, and 10%-Sb-CeVO4, respectively, at optimal conditions (temperature = 30 °C, shaker speed = 100 RPM, time = 35 min, dye concentration = 45 ppm, pH = 6–7, adsorbent dose = 0.01 g). Langmuir model showed adsorption capacity (285.7 mg/g) at optimal conditions for 10%-Sb-CeVO4, whereas kinetic modeling supported the pseudo-second-order model for dye sorption. The thermodynamic parameters, i.e., \(\Delta\)G°, \(\Delta\)H°, and \(\Delta\)S°, demonstrated that sorption was favorable, spontaneous, and exothermic. Hence, it can be safely concluded that Sb-doped CeVO4 could be highly effective for the photocatalytic and sorptive removal of dyes from wastewater.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan

    M. Tanveer, M. Imran & A. Javaid

  2. School of Physical Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan

    S. Latif

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  1. M. Tanveer
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Correspondence to S. Latif.

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Tanveer, M., Imran, M., Latif, S. et al. Sustainable approach for photocatalytic and sorptive abatement of crystal violet dye using antimony-doped cerium vanadate (Sb-CeVO4). Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 21, 6789–6806 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-023-05449-9

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