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Identification of plantation areas for the endangered oriental sweetgum tree (Liquidambar orientalis Miller, 1768) in Türkiye

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Abstract

Only two places in the world are home to the 2,500 hectares of fragmented forests of the tertiary relict oriental (Anatolian) sweetgum tree species (Liquidambar orientalis Miller, 1768): southwestern Türkiye and Rhodes Island (Greece). It is on the brink of extinction due to ongoing anthropogenic pressures. The goal of this study, which used the analytical hierarchy process as the approach, was to identify alternate in situ conservation places where the oriental sweetgum tree may persist owing to suitable living circumstances. The study area was chosen to be on southwestern Türkiye in light of historical records and current data from field studies and forest stands to analyze the potential plantation areas. Soil and climate factors with 0.3597 (36%) weight ratios were the best criteria to determine potential plantation areas. The two most important parameters in identifying the potential plantation area for the Anatolian sweetgum tree were alluvial, alluvial coast, and hydromorphic soils with a weight of 70.3% and average winter temperature of 6–10 °C with a weight of 66.87%. The area under the curve value was determined to be 0.750. According to the results, the most suitable areas for plantations were generally observed as riverine habitats where the species spread naturally during its history. The results are useful for forestry managers in developing successful plantation practices will alleviate the fragmentation and contribute to the species avoiding the genetic bottleneck, considering almost half of the entire study area has potential to develop medium- (488,448 ha, 41.2%) and high (95,400 ha, 8.1%)-level oriental sweetgum tree plantations.

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The data used to support the findings of this study are included within the manuscript.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Ali Kaya (NATURA) for his assistance in the field and Giovanni Caudullo (Senior GIS analyst at the European Commission's Joint Research Centre) for his technical advice during the study.

Funding

The study was partly supported by the Rufford Foundation (Project ID 33742-D).

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  1. Eldivan Vocational School of Health Services, Çankırı Karatekin University, 18200, Çankırı, Turkey

    O. Ürker

  2. NATURA The Society For The Conservation of Nature and Culture, 06690, Ankara, Turkey

    O. Ürker

  3. Department of Forestry Engineering, Faculty of Forestry, Çankırı Karatekin University, 18200, Çankırı, Turkey

    A. Günlü

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AG performed GIS analyses and AHP modeling. OÜ weighted the parameters to be analyzed in the light of the bioecological characteristics of the species and provided local control of the results obtained and was a major contributor in writing the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Ürker, O., Günlü, A. Identification of plantation areas for the endangered oriental sweetgum tree (Liquidambar orientalis Miller, 1768) in Türkiye. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 21, 153–168 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-023-05243-7

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