Abstract
Constructed wetland (CW) systems have proven to be one of the panaceas to the water crisis that can contribute to environmental protection and human health security. Considering the popularity of CW in wastewater treatment, its broader application, especially for remediation of contaminants of emerging concerns in the real-world scenario, is limited. Therefore, to promote real-world applications as well as further research and development in CW, detailed scope of CWs for remediation of wastewater, including contaminants of emerging concern, was critically reviewed. In addition, construction and components, design, and interaction of different biotic communities of a CW in wastewater treatment were analyzed and compiled in a consolidated form. The consolidated information on know-how of the CW technology along with future scope presented in the review would be instrumental for holistic and sustainable treatment of wastewater at larger scales.
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Acknowledgements
The present work was financially supported by Uttarakhand State Council for Science & Technology (UCOST) under the sponsored Project Grant (Grant No. UCS&T/R&D-10/20-21/19072/02) and faculty ignition Grant (FIG) from Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee, India (Grant No. HRD/FIG/100843). David Goza is thankful to the Indian Technical & Economic Cooperation Programme (ITEC), Ministry of External Affairs, Govt. of India for providing fellowship for his Master of Technology degree in EMRL at IIT Roorkee.
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GD, MSR and SS wrote the first draft of the manuscript. SS did supervision, reviewed the first draft, and commented. DP reviewed the first draft and commented. SKP supervised the whole team, conceptualized the theme, acquired fund, and reviewed and edited the draft of the manuscript.
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David, G., Rana, M.S., Saxena, S. et al. A review on design, operation, and maintenance of constructed wetlands for removal of nutrients and emerging contaminants. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 20, 9249–9270 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-04442-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-04442-y