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Effect of irrigation regimes on starch biosynthesis pathway, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) yield and in silico analysis of ADP-glucose-pyrophosphorylase

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Abstract

This research was conducted to evaluate the impact of different irrigation on starch biosynthesis pathway with emphasis on cotton yield. Experiments were conducted in split-plot factorial design. Significant differences were observed in irrigation levels. Starch and alpha-amylase activity increased for seeds rainfed source under 100%field-capacity irrigation. Protein increased in seed sources that were grown in 33 and 66% water-need irrigated 100%field-capacity in double water stress exposure. Although rainfed seeds had an early harvest, highest total yield was observed in seed sources that were grown in exposure to 33%field-capacity which irrigated 100%field-capacity. To identify genes involved in starch biosynthesis, cotton alpha-amylase and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase were studied in silico. The alpha-amylase protein encoded 409 amino acids with a molecular weight of 46,790 Dalton. Alpha-amylase and ADP-glucose-pyrophosphorylase proteins belonged to the glycosyl hydrolase and transferase family, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that cotton sequences were separated along with co-family plants in the Malvaceae family. Biochemical responses observed in reduced glucose and protein and to a lesser extent starch as the level of water stress increased. Seeds exposed to double water stress had less starch than triple stress exposure. The sowing of seeds in water shortage continually resulted in low yields. Seeds obtained from 66%field-capacity irrigation had less starch, stomata density and more protein. Higher levels of protein and glucose were present in seeds exposed to double stress as compared to triple stress. In areas with limited water resources, it is recommended that cotton seeds be propagated under irrigation under 66%field-capacity, which have adequate carbohydrate resources and produce better yields.

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded by a grant from the Cotton Research Institute, Gorgan (Project code 3-07-075195105). The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Funding

This research was supported by cotton research institute of Iran from Elham Faghani project (code: 3-07-075195105).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Agronomy Department, Cotton Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran

    E. Faghani

  2. Biology Department, Science Faculty, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

    M. Kolahi

  3. Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

    M. Kazemian

  4. Department of Chemistry, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica

    A. Goldson-Barnaby

  5. Agricultural Engineering Department, Golestan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran

    M. H. Razzaghi

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Contributions

MK contributed to bioinformatics analysis and write bioinformatics data. EF contributed to project administration, funder acquisition; physiology methodology, writing original draft. MK contributed to bioinformatics analysis. AG-B contributed to editing English paper. MHR contributed to doing experiments in farm and laboratory.

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Correspondence to E. Faghani.

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Faghani, E., Kolahi, M., Kazemian, M. et al. Effect of irrigation regimes on starch biosynthesis pathway, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) yield and in silico analysis of ADP-glucose-pyrophosphorylase. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 19, 10809–10830 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-04281-x

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