Abstract
The possible application of vermiculite, zeolite, expanded clay, and various clays to establish a biogeochemical barrier in ammonium- and nitrate-contaminated groundwater using an anammox bacterial community predominated by "Candidatus Jettenia ecosi" was studied. Anammox bacteria were shown to form active biofilms on most of the studied materials for permeable and impermeable barriers, which provide for high rates of ammonium nitrogen consumption. Biofilm formation was affected by the morphology and mineral composition of the tested materials and by their ability to deposit ammonium ions, thus decreasing the nitrogen load. The highest areas of anammox bacterial biofilms were observed on kaolin clays, zeolite, and expanded clay. These results may be used to predict the course of the anammox process in aquifers based on the data on the mineral analysis of the country rocks and for the selection of the optimal materials for a permeable biogeochemical barrier.
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The authors wish to thank all who assisted in conducting this work.
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A.V.—support from The Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (state assignments AAAA-A19-119022690093-8) The work of A. Vishnyakova and Yu. Litti was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher education of the Russian Federation.
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Experimental design, and conceptualization Al.S and Y.L.; materials preparation and characterisation G.A. and An.S..; bacterial cultivation, A.V., N.P. and Y.L; metabolism analysis A.V., and Y.L, biofilms analysis., N.P data processing A.V., N.P. and Y.L; original draft preparation, Al.S and Y.L.; review and editing, all authors; all authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
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Popova, N., Vishnyakova, A., Artemiev, G. et al. Biofilms of anammox bacteria on mineral carriers to establish a subterranean permeable barrier. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 20, 2159–2170 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-04131-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-04131-w