Abstract
Assessing the contribution of multiple air pollutant sources is essential to effective emission control policy design, towards which numerical air quality modelling can provide fundamental guidance. In Piracicaba, an industrial municipality in São Paulo, Brazil, a straightforward control strategy focusing on local direct and precursor emission reduction has been proposed, as part of a state-wide program following the update of state Air Quality Standards in 2013. The WRF-SMOKE-CMAQ modelling system was used to investigate the effectiveness of the control scenario proposed in achieving expected air quality levels. Meteorological fields were modelled using the WRF model, for two 7-day periods (January 11–17 in summer and July 26 to Aug 01 in winter) during 2015. Emission scenarios were prepared using the SMOKE pre-processor, by combining a local industrial emission inventory with global emissions from the EDGAR HTAP_V2 database, for input in CMAQ modelling system. EDGAR industrial PM emission rate was similar to local inventory rate: 14% and 22% overestimated in summer and winter, respectively, albeit poorly spatially distributed, hindering its applicability in local studies. A 20% reduction in PM emissions improves average PM ambient levels in up to 15.5%, but a 20% reduction in O3 precursors emissions hardly impacts average O3 concentration levels (< 1%). The proposed control strategies may result in an overall improvement of air quality, albeit smaller than originally expected. Therefore, the emission control policy design should be revised, since the relation between local emissions and ambient air concentrations is often nonlinear.
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The authors wish to thank all who assisted in conducting this work.
Funding
This research was partially funded by ArcelorMittal Brasil and ArcelorMittal Global R&D. The authors appreciate the support of Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB), in providing access to data relevant to the development of this project, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Brazil, and METROCLIMA-MASP project (FAPESP Grant number 16/18438–0). This article and the research behind it are a direct contribution to the research themes of the Klimapolis Laboratory (klimapolis.net). The networking and coordination activities of the Klimapolis Laboratory are funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF).
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Maciel, F.M., Sartim, R., Martins, L.D. et al. Impact of emission control strategies on air quality: a case study in Piracicaba, São Paulo—Brazil. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 19, 4901–4912 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03441-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03441-9