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Towards holistic technology solution to chromite ore processing residue (COPR) challenge; global issue: review and analysis

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Abstract

Safe management and disposal of chromite ore processing residue (COPR) is an unsolved global problem. In spite of several global research efforts, the problem of safe management of COPR and redemption of dump sites has remained unsolved. There is a high risk for all living beings in and around the COPR dump sites due to prevailing significant amount of Cr(VI) content in the COPR. The problem is more acute during monsoon, due to highly soluble nature of Cr(VI) present in COPR. There is a need for finding a holistic solution to the problem of dumps sites of COPR through scientific development. The present paper reviews and analyzes the current status with various remediation methods available through published reports and patent literature. Various methods such as physical, chemical treatment, fixation, phytochemical and biological methods have been reviewed. Present review includes treatment of COPR, contaminated soils and groundwater contaminated with Cr(VI). In this regard, case studies of the existing dump site of COPR in SIPCOT, Ranipet, India and SA7, New Jersey site, USA, are presented, which have relevance and necessitate designing, developing and testing a comprehensive solution to the unresolved global problem with high local relevance. Health and environmental risks related to Cr(VI) pollution and permissible limits as per standards are also described. Anion exchange method for removal of Cr(VI) from contaminated groundwater has also been discussed. This would pave way for novel approach towards holistic technology solution to COPR challenge leading to “Green chromium based industries.”

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Acknowledgements

The authors are indebted to Dr. T. Ramasami, Former Secretary, DST, GoI and presently Chair Professor, Anna University for the source of Inspiration, Guidance and valuable suggestions regarding the project. Authors also thank TNPCB for the Co-operation. CSIR-CLRI, India, for necessary support and permission for carrying out this work. Authors are thankful to anonymous reviewer for valuable suggestions during the revision of the manuscript.

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  1. Chemical Engineering Division, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, 600 020, India

    R. Mohan, L. Deevakar & V. Sivakumar

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  1. R. Mohan
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  2. L. Deevakar
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Mohan, R., Deevakar, L. & Sivakumar, V. Towards holistic technology solution to chromite ore processing residue (COPR) challenge; global issue: review and analysis. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 19, 665–676 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-020-03097-x

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