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Synthesis of polyamino styrene from post-consumption expanded polystyrene and analysis of its CO2 scavenger capacity

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Abstract

In this research, a sample of expanded polystyrene (EPS) was isolated from a whole solid waste amount as raw material, the synthesis of polyamino styrene (PSNH2) was done in a two-step process. Initially, it was carried out the nitration of PS to obtain polynitro styrene (PSNO2) in 10.18% of nitration’s efficiency. Afterward, the PSNO2 was reduced under HCl/Sn conditions in order to obtain the PSNH2 in 50% of yield taking into account the reduction of NO2 groups from PSNO2. The raw material, intermediary and the final product were completely characterized by chemical analytical techniques. With the new material in hands, it was used as a solid support in the CO2 capture process, showing an adsorption capacity of 1.05 mmol g−1 of PSNH2.

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Abbreviations

°C:

Celsius degree

1H-NMR:

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance

Ar:

Aromatic

As:

Asymmetric

BET:

Brunauer–Emmett–Teller

C:

Carbon

C :

Thickness of adsorbed layer

CH4 :

Methane

cm3 :

Cubic centimeter

CW:

Carbonated water

DCE:

Dichloroethane

DMCHA:

N,N′-Dimethyl cyclohexylamine

DMF:

N,N′-Dimethylformamide

EPS:

Expanded polystyrene

FTIR:

Fourier transformed infrared

g:

Gram

GHG:

Greenhouse gases

GtCO2 :

Gigatons of carbon dioxide

h:

Hour

H:

Hydrogen

H2CO3 :

Carbonic acid

H2O:

Water

H2SO4 :

Sulfuric acid

HCl:

Hydrochloric acid

HCO3 :

Bicarbonate

HNO3 :

Nitric acid

K:

Langmuir constant

K 1 :

Pseudo-first-order constant

K 2 :

Pseudo-second-order constant

K f :

Freundlich constant

KOH:

Potassium hydroxide

LCAS:

Low-cost adsorbent solids

mL:

Milliliter

mmHg:

Millimeters of mercury

mmol g− 1 :

Millimole per gram

MOF:

Metal–organic frameworks

MtCO2 :

Megatons of carbon dioxide

N2 :

Nitrogen

NH2 :

Amino groups

NH3 :

Ammonia

NO2 :

Nitro groups

O:

Oxygen

P:

Pressure

Pa:

Pascal

ppm:

Parts per million

PVC:

Poly vinyl chloride

q e :

Adsorption capacity in equilibrium

q t :

Adsorption capacity in any time

R 2 :

Correlation coefficient

SEM–EDS:

Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersion spectrometry

SHS:

Switchable hydrophilicity solvent

Sn:

Tin

Sym:

Symmetric

t:

Time

TGA:

Thermogravimetric analysis

VPS:

Virgin polystyrene

wt:

Weight

α :

Rate of initial adsorption

β :

Superficial extension that is covered and the activation energy of the process

µm:

Micrometer

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Acknowledgments

DRMA and AFMP are grateful for the support given by COLCIENCIAS for the doctoral fellowship, and the high-level human talent scholarship (grant 771) in a national master’s degree of the Santander department, respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratorio de Química Orgánica Aplicada, Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Calle 33 # 27-12, 680002, Bucaramanga, Colombia

    D. R. Merchán-Arenas & A. F. Murcia-Patiño

  2. Maestría en Ciencias y Tecnologías Ambientales, Universidad Santo Tomás, Carrera 27 # 180-395, 681003, Floridablanca, Colombia

    D. R. Merchán-Arenas & A. F. Murcia-Patiño

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  1. D. R. Merchán-Arenas
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Correspondence to D. R. Merchán-Arenas.

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Merchán-Arenas, D.R., Murcia-Patiño, A.F. Synthesis of polyamino styrene from post-consumption expanded polystyrene and analysis of its CO2 scavenger capacity. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 18, 2519–2532 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-020-03009-z

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