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The optimal blendings of diesel, biodiesel and gasoline with various exhaust gas recirculations for reducing NOx and smoke emissions from a diesel engine

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Abstract

For the purpose of reducing both NOx and smoke from diesel engine exhaust, the blendings of gasoline into diesel/biodiesel mixture were studied to determine the optimal ratio of diesel/biodiesel/gasoline at various speeds and loads under different exhaust gas recirculations (EGRs) in an electronic-controlled common-rail injection turbocharged diesel engine. With blending biodiesel, the modification of EGR suppressed the NOx emission but increased the opacity at higher load. With the increase in gasoline addition, the biodiesel proportion needs to be higher for promoting the oxidation of soot. Considering the emission reductions of opacity and NOx, as well as the issues of cost and lubricity, it is recommended that 20% biodiesel and 5% gasoline would be the optimal blending ratio.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank all who assisted in conducting this work.

Funding

Funding was provided by Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Grant No. 108-2221-E-006-220-MY3).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan

    R. -H. Chen

  2. School of Information, Systems and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    H. C. Ong

  3. Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan

    W. -C. Wang

Authors
  1. R. -H. Chen
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  2. H. C. Ong
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  3. W. -C. Wang
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to W. -C. Wang.

Additional information

Editorial responsibility: M. Abbaspour.

Appendix

Appendix

See Figs. 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33 and 34 and Tables 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11.

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The engine operating air–fuel equivalent ratio (λ), NOx, opacity and HC emissions with D100 under OR condition

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Fig. 12
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The engine operating air–fuel equivalent ratio (λ), NOx, opacity and HC emissions with D90B10 under OR condition

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Fig. 13
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The engine operating air–fuel equivalent ratio (λ), NOx, opacity and HC emissions with D80B20 under OR condition

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Fig. 14
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The engine operating air–fuel equivalent ratio (λ), NOx, opacity and HC emissions with D70B30 under OR condition

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Fig. 15
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The engine operating air–fuel equivalent ratio (λ), NOx, opacity and HC emissions with D100 under EGR 20%

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Fig. 16
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The engine operating air–fuel equivalent ratio (λ), NOx, opacity and HC emissions with D90B10 under EGR 20%

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Fig. 17
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The engine operating air–fuel equivalent ratio (λ), NOx, opacity and HC emissions with D80B20 under EGR 20%

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Fig. 18
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The engine operating air–fuel equivalent ratio (λ), NOx, opacity and HC emissions with D70B30 under EGR 20%

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Fig. 19
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The engine operating air–fuel equivalent ratio (λ), NOx, opacity and HC emissions with D90B5G5 under OR condition

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The engine operating air–fuel equivalent ratio (λ), NOx, opacity and HC emissions with D85B10G5 under OR condition

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The engine operating air–fuel equivalent ratio (λ), NOx, opacity and HC emissions with D80B15G5 under OR condition

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The engine operating air–fuel equivalent ratio (λ), NOx, opacity and HC emissions with D75B20G5 under OR condition

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Fig. 23
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The engine operating air–fuel equivalent ratio (λ), NOx, opacity and HC emissions with D70B25G5 under OR condition

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Fig. 24
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The engine operating air–fuel equivalent ratio (λ), NOx, opacity and HC emissions with D90B5G5 under EGR 20%

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Fig. 25
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The engine operating air–fuel equivalent ratio (λ), NOx, opacity and HC emissions with D85B10G5 under EGR 20%

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Fig. 26
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The engine operating air–fuel equivalent ratio (λ), NOx, opacity and HC emissions with D80B15G5 under EGR 20%

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Fig. 27
figure 27

The engine operating air–fuel equivalent ratio (λ), NOx, opacity and HC emissions with D75B20G5 under EGR 20%

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Fig. 28
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The engine operating air–fuel equivalent ratio (λ), NOx, opacity and HC emissions with D70B25G5 under EGR 20%

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Fig. 29
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The engine operating air–fuel equivalent ratio (λ), NOx, opacity and HC emissions with D80B10G10 under OR condition

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Fig. 30
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The engine operating air–fuel equivalent ratio (λ), NOx, opacity and HC emissions with D70B20G10 under OR condition

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Fig. 31
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The engine operating air–fuel equivalent ratio (λ), NOx, opacity and HC emissions with D70B15G5 under OR condition

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Fig. 32
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The engine operating air–fuel equivalent ratio (λ), NOx, opacity with HC emissions with D80B10G10 under EGR 20%

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Fig. 33
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The engine operating air–fuel equivalent ratio (λ), NOx, opacity and HC emissions with D70B20G10 under EGR 20%

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Fig. 34
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The engine operating air–fuel equivalent ratio (λ), NOx, opacity and HC emissions with D70B15G5 under EGR 20%

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Table 5 The wear characteristics of the fuels: (a) D0B50G50 and (b) D50B25G25
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Table 6 The brake specific fuel consumption and air–fuel equivalent ratio with blending various proportions of biodiesel
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Table 7 The brake specific fuel consumption and air–fuel equivalent ratio with blending various proportions of biodiesel and fixed proportion of gasoline
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Table 8 The brake specific fuel consumption and air–fuel equivalent ratio with blending various proportions of biodiesel and gasoline
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Table 9 The results of NOx, HC and opacity with blending various proportions of biodiesel (The values in italics under the original values are the one with EGR made up to 20%)
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Table 10 The results of NOx, HC and opacity with blending various proportions of biodiesel and fixed proportion of gasoline (The values in italics under the original values are the one with EGR made up to 20%)
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Table 11 The results of NOx, HC and opacity with blending various proportions of biodiesel and gasoline (The values in italics under the original values are the one with EGR made up to 20%)
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Chen, R.H., Ong, H.C. & Wang, W.C. The optimal blendings of diesel, biodiesel and gasoline with various exhaust gas recirculations for reducing NOx and smoke emissions from a diesel engine. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 17, 4623–4654 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-020-02809-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-020-02809-7

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