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A review of materials used as carrier agents in pesticide formulations

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Abstract

Development of environmentally-friendly pesticides for sustainable agriculture is a key focus in the agrochemical industry. Identifying novel active ingredients and improving the delivery system of a pesticide are the main challenges in developing new pesticides. Strategies for the control of delivery systems for slow and sustained release of agrochemicals are of great interest to environmental scientists. In this context, the selection of materials to be used as carrier agents in pesticide formulations is crucial. In recent years, the efficacy of several materials for agrochemical formulations has been evaluated by researchers. These materials have unique properties, such as being biodegradable and biocompatible, and having low toxicity and involving a simple preparation process. This review summarises recent applications of various materials in pesticide formulations. The application of the materials can effectively encapsulate or bind the pesticide’s active ingredients in the material’s matrix with a sustained release profile and slow mobility in soil. This review also discusses some issues and concerns that are faced in formulating pesticide products.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Ministry of Education Malaysia (FRGS 2014-0105-101-02) and the Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (ISESCO 2016-0008-102-11). S.N.M. Yusoff thanks the Ministry of Education Malaysia for providing a MyBrain15 (MyPhD) Scholarship Award.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900, Tanjong Malim, Malaysia

    S. N. M. Yusoff, A. Kamari & N. F. A. Aljafree

  2. Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900, Tanjong Malim, Malaysia

    A. Kamari

Authors
  1. S. N. M. Yusoff
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  2. A. Kamari
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  3. N. F. A. Aljafree
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. Kamari.

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Editorial responsibility: M. Abbaspour.

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Yusoff, S.N.M., Kamari, A. & Aljafree, N.F.A. A review of materials used as carrier agents in pesticide formulations. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 13, 2977–2994 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-016-1096-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-016-1096-y

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