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Investigation and characterization of biosynthesized green adsorbent CuO NPs and CuO/Fe3O4 NCs using Adiantum C.V leaf for removal MO dye and Cr(VI) metal ions: thermodynamic, kinetic, and antibacterial studies

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Abstract

The removal and degradation of organic/inorganic pollutants from aqueous solutions have stimulated the interest of researchers in recent years using heterogeneous adsorbent nanocatalysts. In this study, the coupled CuO/Fe3O4 nanocomposite (NC) was prepared at one step with a simple, cost-effective, and eco-friendly method by Adiantum C.V leaf extract as a reducing agent. The crystallite sizes for the CuO and CuO/Fe3O4 samples were obtained of XRD results by the Williamson–Hall equation (about 32.26 and 24.49 nm) and the Scherrer equation (about 22.37 and 23.97 nm), respectively. The EDS results from CuO/Fe3O4 NCs indicated a mole ratio of 1:2 for CuO/Fe3O4. Catalytic activity studies of green synthesized CuO/Fe3O4 NCs (dosage: 0.1 g/L) have shown high removal efficiency for both methyl orange (MO) (1.2 × 10–5 M) and Cr(VI) (3.0 × 10–3 M) pollutants at alkaline pHs between a range of (3 and 10) with a contact time of about 110 min. The degradation extent of the MO and Cr(VI) pollutants was estimated by changes in the UV–vis absorbances set to at λmax = 465 and 542 nm, respectively. Adsorption kinetics for the degradation of both investigated pollutants followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics model. The kinetic result showed degradation rate was increased toward the increase in pH (3–10) and temperature (293–308 K). The calculated thermodynamic parameters (∆G°, ∆H°, and ∆S°) demonstrate that the adsorption of MO and Cr(VI) on the surface of green NCs is thermodynamically possible and spontaneous as temperature rises. Therefore, the present approach provides a potential method for preparing heterogeneous nanocatalysts for a wide range of applications in the degradation and reduction in organic/inorganic pollutants. In addition, the antibacterial effect of nanomaterials against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was tested at different concentrations of NCs (0.001–0.025 g/mL), which was in good agreement with the catalytic adsorption results for the degradation of both pollutants due to generated free radicals in aqueous solution.

Graphical abstract

Schematic of the possible mechanisms for the removal of MO dye and Cr(VI) metal ions from the aqueous solutions at different temperatures and pHs, using green synthesized CuO/Fe3O4 NCs by Adiantum C.V leaf extract in the present NaBH4.

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Acknowledgements

The authors appreciate the laboratory facilities and technical assistance offered by the Beam Gostar Taban laboratory in Tehran, Iran, to complete this study. Thanks also to Dr. Hiwa Omer Ahmad (College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hawler Medical University) for FTIR and the Faculty of Biology at Soran University for antimicrobial investigations.

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  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Soran University, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq

    Roonak Golabiazar, Muhammad Rasul Sabr, Alla Abubakir Ali, Nada Sadiq Qadr, Rayan Sherzad Rahman, Shkar Jkhsin Musa & Bayda Jaudat Hamadammin

  2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Soran University, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq

    Karwan Ismael Othman & Karzan Mohammed Khalid

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Golabiazar, R., Sabr, M.R., Ali, A.A. et al. Investigation and characterization of biosynthesized green adsorbent CuO NPs and CuO/Fe3O4 NCs using Adiantum C.V leaf for removal MO dye and Cr(VI) metal ions: thermodynamic, kinetic, and antibacterial studies. J IRAN CHEM SOC 19, 3135–3153 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-022-02520-z

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