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Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of polyethylene terephthalate: a study based on Tobin, Hay and Nakamura models

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Abstract

Appropriate knowledge of non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of polyethylene terephthalate is vital in producing final polymeric parts with a certain degree of crystallization. Hence, PET was synthesized through a two-step esterification and polycondensation method. The structure of prepared PET was examined using FTIR and NMR tests. Due to the practical applications of the crystallization process, non-isothermal crystallization of PET was studied from the melt state under various cooling rates (\(\Phi\)) between 5 and 40 K/min using DSC, demonstrating a wide range of \(\Phi\). The experimental results revealed that the crystallization reaches its final value for the cooling rates of 5 and 10 K/min. However, a partial crystallization occurred under higher cooling rates. The recrystallization of these samples during heating was confirmed. Empirical data showed no meaningful change in Tg and Tm with cooling rate. However, TC and the final degree of crystallization varied linearly with cooling rate. Crystallization kinetic models are classified into two types: nonlinear and those that can be converted to linear. Due to the secondary crystallization of PET, the Avrami model could not make a good prediction. Among the linearizable models, Tobin model fitted the results very well. Among the nonlinear forms, the recently developed Hay model has an excellent ability to describe non-isothermal kinetics. Moreover, the integral type of Nakamura model was fitted instead of the normal differentiation form. A two-step optimization method is presented to achieve a high regression coefficient for nonlinear fitted models.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Polymer Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology of Mahshahr Campus, Bandar Mahshahr, Khuzestan, Iran

    Abdollah Sheikh Nezhad Moghadam, Mehdi Rafizadeh & Faramarz Afshar Taromi

  2. Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Mehdi Rafizadeh & Faramarz Afshar Taromi

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  1. Abdollah Sheikh Nezhad Moghadam
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  2. Mehdi Rafizadeh
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  3. Faramarz Afshar Taromi
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Correspondence to Mehdi Rafizadeh.

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Sheikh Nezhad Moghadam, A., Rafizadeh, M. & Afshar Taromi, F. Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of polyethylene terephthalate: a study based on Tobin, Hay and Nakamura models. Iran Polym J 32, 125–137 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-022-01109-w

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