Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of hydrophobic monomer on the aqueous dispersion polymerization of acrylamide with quaternary ammonium cationic monomer

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Iranian Polymer Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Aqueous dispersion polymerization has been considered as a promising green technology for preparing water-soluble polymers such as cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM). Dispersion copolymerization of acrylamide and 2-methylacryloylxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride was generally carried out in aqueous ammonium sulfate solution with poly(2-methylacryloylxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) as the stabilizer. In this study, we reported the potential influence of a small amount of hydrophobic monomer, methyl methacrylate (MMA), on the above-mentioned aqueous dispersion polymerization system. It was found that MMA could play an important role in the polymerization process by significantly affecting the particle formation and stabilization, as well as the viscosity evolution of the reaction mixture during polymerization. With the addition of a small amount of MMA, the particle formation was accelerated and the viscosity of the polymerization system decreased significantly. With the increase in MMA addition, the final copolymer particle size was reduced and its size distribution became narrower; meanwhile, the particle morphology tended to be spherical. Moreover, it was found that the addition of MMA could favor the production of CPAM with high charge density. The flocculation performance of the resulting CPAM dispersion was also examined in detail and it was found that the introduction of MMA unit into CPAM molecular chain could improve its flocculation efficiency.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Jiang ZZ, Zhu JR (2014) Cationic polyacrylamide: synthesis and application in sludge dewatering treatment. Asian J Chem 26:629–633

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Hernandez-Barajas J, Hunkeler DJ (1997) Inverse-emulsion copolymerization of acrylamide and quaternary ammonium cationic monomers with block copolymeric surfactants: copolymer composition control using batch and semi-batch techniques. Polymer 38:449–458

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Abdollahi Z, Frounchi M, Dadbin S (2011) Synthesis, characterization and comparison of PAM, cationic PDMC and P(AM-co-DMC) based on solution polymerization. J Ind Eng Chem 17:580–586

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Wu YM, Wang CX, Xu J (2010) Aqueous dispersion polymerization of amphoteric polyacrylamide. J Appl Polym Sci 115:1131–1137

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Liu ZM, Wei YL, Li BY, He NP (2013) Synthesis of cationic polyacrylamide by aqueous two-phase polymerization in poly(ethylene glycol) chloride solution. J Appl Polym Sci 127:593–598

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Hu ZF, Zhang J, Liu J, Wang CX, Wu YM (2013) Effect of reaction conditions on the particle morphology of aqueous dispersion of poly(acrylamide-acrylatedimethylaminoethyl methacrylate methyl chloride). Adv Polym Tech 32:E212–E220

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Song BK, Cho MS, Yoon KJ, Lee DC (2003) Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide with quaternary ammonium cationic comonomer in aqueous solution. J Appl Polym Sci 87:1101–1108

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Cho MS, Yoon KJ, Song BK (2002) Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide in aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate: synthesis and characterization. J Appl Polym Sci 83:1397–1405

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Ye Q, Zhang ZC, Ge XW (2003) Highly efficient flocculant synthesized through the dispersion copolymerization of water-soluble monomers induced by γ-Ray irradiation: synthesis and polymerization kinetics. J Appl Polym Sci 89:2108–2115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Liu J, Wang CX, Wu YM (2012) Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide with water-soluble chitosan as the stabilizer. J Appl Polym Sci 125:E518–E525

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Zou Y, Zhang YH, He PX (2013) Synthesis and characterization of amphoteric polyacrylamide by dispersion polymerization in aqueous salts solution. Des Monomers Polym 16:592–600

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Kawaguchi S, Ito K (2005) Dispersion polymerization. Adv Polym Sci 175:299–328

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Liu XG, Chen Q, Xu K, Zhang WD, Wang PX (2009) Preparation of polyacrylamide aqueous dispersions using poly(sodium acrylic acid) as stabilizer. J Appl Polym Sci 113:2693–2701

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Chen DN, Liu XG, Yue YM, Zhang WD, Wang PX (2006) Dispersion copolymerization of acrylamide with quaternary ammonium cationic monomer in aqueous salts solution. Euro Polym J 42:1284–1297

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Wu YM, Chen QF, Xu J, Bi JM (2008) Aqueous dispersion polymerization of acrylamide with quaternary ammonium cationic comonomer. J Appl Polym Sci 108:134–139

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Liu XG, Chen DN, Yue YM, Zhang WD, Wang PX (2006) Dispersion copolymerization of acrylamide with acrylic acid in an aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate: synthesis and characterization. J Appl Polym Sci 102:3685–3690

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Liu XG, Xiang S, Yue YM, Su XF, Zhang WD, Song CL, Wang PX (2007) Preparation of poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) aqueous latex dispersions using anionic polyelectrolyte as stabilizer. Colloids Surf A 311:131–139

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Wu YM, Wang YP, Yu YQ, Xu J, Chen QF (2006) Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide with 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonate in aqueous solution. J Appl Polym Sci 102:2379–2385

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Wang CX, Wang XX, Miao CB, Wu YM (2011) Preparation and properties of amphoteric polyacrylamide by seeded dispersion polymerization in ammonium sulfate solution. Polym Eng Sci 51:1742–1748

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Wu WB, Gu J, Jing Y, Zhou XF, Dai HQ (2012) Preparation and retention performance of crosslinked and hydrophobically associating cationic polyacrylamide. Bioresources 7:4926–4937

    Google Scholar 

  21. Lü T, Shan GR (2011) Modeling of two-phase polymerization of acrylamide in aqueous poly(ethylene glycol) solution. AIChE J 57:2493–2504

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Chen WB, Shan GR (2010) Phase separation of ammonium sulfate-water-polyacrylamide and cationic polyacrylamide aqueous two-phase systems. CIESC J 61:1560–1564

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Zhang GZ, Wu C (2006) Folding and formation of mesoglobules in dilute copolymer solutions. Adv Polym Sci 195:101–176

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Ray B, Mandal BM (1997) Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide. Langmuir 13:2191–2196

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Yasuda M, Seki H, Yokoyama H, Ogino H, Ishimi K, Ishikawa H (2001) Simulation of a particle formation stage in the dispersion polymerization of styrene. Macromolecules 34:3261–3270

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Lü T, Shan GR (2009) Mechanism of the droplet formation and stabilization in the aqueous two-phase polymerization of acrylamide. J Appl Polym Sci 112:2859–2867

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Ye Q, Zhang ZC, Jia HT, He WD, Ge XW (2002) Formation of monodisperse polyacrylamide particles by radiation-induced dispersion polymerization: particle size and size distribution. J Colloid Interface Sci 253:279–284

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Wang LJ, Wang JP, Yuan SJ, Zhang SJ, Tang Y, Yu HQ (2009) Gamma radiation-induced dispersion polymerization in aqueous salts solution for manufacturing a cationic flocculant. Chem Eng J 149:118–122

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a faculty seed fund of Hangzhou Dianzi University (# KYS205613021), as well as National Natural Science Foundation of China (# 41271249).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Environmental Materials and Applications, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China

    Ting Lü & Hongting Zhao

  2. Guangdong Dazhong Agriculture Science Co., Ltd, Dongguan, 523169, China

    Xingyuan Liu

  3. College of Materials and Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China

    Dongming Qi

Authors
  1. Ting Lü
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Xingyuan Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Dongming Qi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Hongting Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hongting Zhao.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lü, T., Liu, X., Qi, D. et al. Effect of hydrophobic monomer on the aqueous dispersion polymerization of acrylamide with quaternary ammonium cationic monomer. Iran Polym J 24, 219–227 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-015-0314-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-015-0314-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation