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Nutritional Targets in Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy: A Comprehensive Review

  • Maternal and Childhood Nutrition (AC Wood, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) is known as the most common food allergy in the first year of life. For this purpose, in our review, the regulation of maternal and infant nutrition, and the risks and the issues to be considered in terms of nutrition are discussed from the perspective of a dietitian.

Recent Findings

Therefore, understanding the epidemiology, symptoms, diagnostic criteria, and appropriate treatment of cow’s milk protein allergy is crucial for the multidisciplinary team of physicians, dietitians, and nurses working in the clinic. It has been reported that tolerance develops in approximately 50% of infants affected by cow's milk protein in the first year of life. Although CMPA is generally thought to clear up between 1 and 2 years of age, there is insufficient evidence to determine an optimal time to reintroduce cow's milk protein to the diet. Because the elimination diet recommended in the treatment of children with CMPA, adequate protein and calcium intake of the mother and/or baby in the diet should be evaluated. Studies focusing on metabolic bone turnover in children with food allergies are limited. In general, low calcium intake is associated with reduced bone formation in children with CMPA. Therefore, bone health should be focused on and appropriate strategies should be developed in children with CMPA.

Summary

Unnecessary elimination of milk and its products, which are an important part of nutrition, should be prevented and nutrient deficiencies and growth status should be monitored by dietitians especially working in the field of pediatric nutrition.

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Abbreviations

CMPA:

Cow’s milk protein allergy

Ig E:

Immunoglobulin E

eHF:

Extensively hydrolyzed formula

AAF:

Amino acid-based formula

iMAP:

Milk allergy in primary care

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    1. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara, 06490, Turkey

      Menşure Nur Çelik & Eda Köksal

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    Celik MN and Koksal E contributed to the conception and design of the research. Celik MN drafted the manuscript. All authors critically revised the manuscript, agree to be fully accountable for ensuring the integrity and accuracy of the work, and read and approved the final manuscript.

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    Correspondence to Menşure Nur Çelik.

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    Çelik, M.N., Köksal, E. Nutritional Targets in Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Nutr Rep 11, 329–336 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-022-00408-1

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