Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Study of DP590 Microstructure Welded with Resistance Spot Welding Method by Using EBSD Technique

  • Technical Article
  • Published:
Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In automotive industries, employing advanced high-strength steels such as dual-phase steels by taking advantage of high dynamic force absorption during car accidents and lightweight is one of the major challenges. In this regard, the effect of resistance spot welding parameters on the above great properties of advanced high-strength DP590 steel has been studied. In this study, the effect of optimized welding (spot resistance welding) on the weld microstructure was evaluated using optical microscopy as well as scanning electron microscope equipped with electron backscatter diffraction analysis (EBSD). Also, hardness profile along with the welding section was determined as mechanical property. The results showed that the welding practice has a significant influenced on the microstructure and microhardness of welded samples. The final microstructure of the nugget consisted of lath martensite, whereas in the HAZ, the microstructure was found to be mixture of coarse and fine martensite. The hardness profile was relevant to the above phase configuration. The phase variations along with different weld region were extensively characterized and discussed using EBSD technique.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. D. S. Safanama, S. P. H. Marashi, M. Pouranvari"Similar and dissimilar resistance spot welding of martensitic advanced high strength steel and low carbon steel: metallurgical characteristics and failure mode transition",Science and Technology of Welding and Joining 2012 VOL 17 NO 4

  2. B. Wang, L. Hua, X. Wang, J. Li, B. Wang, L. Hua, X. Wang, J. Li, Effects of multi-pulse tempering on resistance spot welding of DP590 steel. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 86, 2927–2935 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. H. Long, Y. Hu, X. Jin, J. Shao, H. Zhu, H. Long, Y. Hu, X. Jin, J. Shao, H. Zhu, Effect of holding time on microstructure and mechanical properties of resistance spot welds between low carbon steel and advanced high strength steel. Comput. Mater. Sci. 117, 556–563 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. B. Wang, Q.Q. Duan, G. Yao, J.C. Pang, X.W. Li, L. Wangd, Z.F. Zhang," Investigation on fatigue fracture behaviors of spot-welded Q&P980 steel”, International Journal of Fatigue (2014)

  5. X. Yuan, Ci. Li, J. Chen, X. Li, X. Liang, X. Pan, X. Yuan, Ci. Li, J. Chen, X. Li, X. Liang, X. Pan, Resistance spot welding of dissimilar DP600 and DC54D steels. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 239, 31–41 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. D.W. Zhao, Y.X. Wanga, L. Zhang, P. Zhang, D.W. Zhao, Y.X. Wanga, L. Zhang, P. Zhang, Effects of electrode force on microstructure and mechanical behavior of the resistance spot welded DP600 joint. Mater. Des. 50, 72–77 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. B. Wang, L. Hua, X. Wang, Y. Song, Y. Liu, B. Wang, L. Hua, X. Wang, Y. Song, Y. Liu, Effects of electrode tip morphology on resistance spot welding quality of DP590 dual-phase steel. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 83, 1917–1926 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. S. Dancette, D. Fabrègue, V. Massardier, J. Merlin, T. Dupuy, M. Bouzekri, S. Dancette, D. Fabrègue, V. Massardier, J. Merlin, T. Dupuy, M. Bouzekri, Experimental and modeling investigation of the failure resistance of Advanced High Strength Steels spot welds. Eng. Fracture Mech. 78, 2259–2272 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. A. Ghandi, M. Shamanian, M.R. Salmani, J. Kangazian, A. Ghandi, M. Shamanian, M.R. Salmani, J. Kangazian, A pathway to improve the microstructural features and mechanical properties of the DP590 advanced high strength steel welds. Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater. (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-020-2117-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. J.H. Song, H. Huh, J.H. Song, H. Huh, Failure characterization of spot welds under combined axial–shear loading conditions. Int. J. Mech. Sci. 53, 513–525 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. R. Ashiri, M.A. Haque, C.W. Ji, M. Shamanian, H. Salimijazi, Y. Park, R. Ashiri, M.A. Haque, C.W. Ji, M. Shamanian, H. Salimijazi, Y. Park, Supercritical area and critical nugget diameter for liquid metal embrittlement of Zn-coated twining induced plasticity steels. Scripta Mater. 109, 6–10 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. M. Pouranvari, S. P. H. Marashi, Critical review of automotive steels spot welding: process, structure and properties. Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2013 vol 18, no 5

  13. M. Calcagnotto, D. Ponge, E. Demir, D. Raabe, M. Calcagnotto, D. Ponge, E. Demir, D. Raabe, Orientation gradients and geometrically necessary dislocations in ultrafine grained dual-phase steels studied by 2D and 3D EBSD. Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 527, 2738–2746 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. P.T. Pinard, A. Schwedt, A. Ramazani, U. Prahl, S. Richter, P.T. Pinard, A. Schwedt, A. Ramazani, U. Prahl, S. Richter, Characterization of dual-phase steel microstructure by combined submicrometer EBSD and EPMA carbon measurements. Microscopy Microanal. 19, 996–1006 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. S. Zaefferer, P. Romano, F. Friedel, S. Zaefferer, P. Romano, F. Friedel, EBSD as a tool to identify and quantify bainite and Ferrite in low-alloyed Al-TRIP steels. J. Microsc. 230(3), 499–508 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. W. Noh, W. Kim, X. Yang, M. Kang, M. Lee, K. Chung, W. Noh, W. Kim, X. Yang, M. Kang, M. Lee, K. Chung, Simple and effective failure analysis of dissimilar resistance spot welded advanced high strength steel sheets. Int. J. Mech. Sci. 121, 76–89 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Y.J. Chao, J. Ward, R.G. Sands, Y.J. Chao, J. Ward, R.G. Sands, Charpy impact energy, fracture toughness and ductile–brittle transition temperature of dual-phase 590 Steel. Mater. Des. 28, 551–557 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. P. Podrz, I. Polajnar, J. Diaci, Z. Kariz, P. Podrz, I. Polajnar, J. Diaci, Z. Kariz, Overview of resistance spot welding control. Inst. Mater. Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. 13, 3 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  19. R. Ashiri, M. Shamanian, H.R. Salimijazi, M.A. Haque, J. Hee Bae, J. Chang-Wook, K.-G. Chin, Y.-D. Parkb, R. Ashiri, M. Shamanian, H.R. Salimijazi, M.A. Haque, J. Hee Bae, J. Chang-Wook, K.-G. Chin, Y.-D. Parkb, Liquid metal embrittlement-free welds of Zn-coated twinning induced plasticity steels. Scripta Mater. 114, 41–47 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. S. Dancette, D. Fabrègue, V. Massardier, J. Merlin, T. Dupuy, M. Bouzekri, S. Dancette, D. Fabrègue, V. Massardier, J. Merlin, T. Dupuy, M. Bouzekri, Investigation of the tensile shear fracture of advanced high strength steel spot welds. Eng. Fail. Anal. 25, 112–122 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. A. Eghlimi, M. Shamanian, K. Raeissi, A. Eghlimi, M. Shamanian, K. Raeissi, Effect of current type on microstructure and corrosion resistance of super duplex stainless steel claddings produced by the gas tungsten arc welding process. Surf Coat Technol. 244, 45–51 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. M. Shamanian, M. Mohammadnezhad, M. Amini, A. Zabolian, J.A. Szpunar, M. Shamanian, M. Mohammadnezhad, M. Amini, A. Zabolian, J.A. Szpunar, Electron backscatter diffraction analysis of joints between AISI 316L austenitic/UNS S32750 dual-phase stainless steel. J. Mater. Eng. Perf. 24(8), 3118 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. L. Hu, Q. Yan, J. Huang, Y. Wu, L. Hu, Q. Yan, J. Huang, Y. Wu, microstructures and mechanical properties on laser welded joints of automotive high strength complex phase steel. Adv. Mater. Res. 97(101), 3958–3960 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  24. R. Ohashi, M. Fujimoto, S. Mironov, Y.S. Sato, H. Kokowa, R. Ohashi, M. Fujimoto, S. Mironov, Y.S. Sato, H. Kokowa, Effect of contamination on microstructure in friction stir spot welded DP590 steel. Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. 14, 221–227 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. X. Sun, E.V. Stephens, M.A. Khaleel, X. Sun, E.V. Stephens, M.A. Khaleel, Effects of fusion zone size and failure mode on peak load and energy absorption of advanced high strength steel spot welds under lap shear loading conditions. Eng. Fail. Anal. 15, 356–367 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. M. I. Khan, M. L. Kuntz and Y. Zhou," Effects of weld microstructure on static and impact performance of resistance spot welded joints in advanced high strength steels",Institute of Materials, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining 2008 Vol 13, no 3

  27. R. Petrov, L. Kestens, A. Wasilkowska, R. Petrov, L. Kestens, A. Wasilkowska, Yvan Houbaert," Microstructure and texture of a lightly deformed TRIP-assisted steel characterized by means of the EBSD technique". Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 447, 285–297 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. S. Smith, N.J. Den Uijl, T. Vendervelt, T. Okada, M. Uchihara, K. Fukui, S. Smith, N.J. Den Uijl, T. Vendervelt, T. Okada, M. Uchihara, K. Fukui, The effect of ageing on the spot weld strength of AHSS and the consequences for testing procedures. Weld. World. 54, R12–R26 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. S.S. Nayak, V.H. Baltazar Hernandez, Y. Okita, Y. Zhou, S.S. Nayak, V.H. Baltazar Hernandez, Y. Okita, Y. Zhou, Microstructure-hardness relationship in the fusion zone of TRIP steel welds. Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 551, 73–81 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Pardis, Materials Engineering Section, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111, Isfahan, Iran

    Arian Ghandi

  2. Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, 8415683111, Isfahan, Iran

    Morteza Shamanian & Ahmad Rezaeian

  3. Engineering and Quality of Auto Steel Division, SAIPA Group, Tehran, Iran

    Mohamad Reza Salmani

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N5A9, Canada

    Jerzy A. Szpunar

Authors
  1. Arian Ghandi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Morteza Shamanian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ahmad Rezaeian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mohamad Reza Salmani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jerzy A. Szpunar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Arian Ghandi.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ghandi, A., Shamanian, M., Rezaeian, A. et al. Study of DP590 Microstructure Welded with Resistance Spot Welding Method by Using EBSD Technique. Metallogr. Microstruct. Anal. 10, 266–275 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13632-021-00727-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13632-021-00727-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation