Abstract
Approximately 1200 years ago, the close association between the quality of medicine and the producing area was well known in China. Recent work has shown conclusively that the quality of herbal medicine is influenced by unfavorable conditions, but the exact cause remains unclear and is a difficult problem in research on herb resources. Fresh roots of S. baicalensis were exposed to temperatures of 35 °C ~ 55 °C, and the H2O2 level remained relatively inflexible. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities remained stable at 35 °C and 45 °C but decreased on day 1 at 55 °C. The excess ROS due to the high temperatures must be removed by another pathway. Our study reported that the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activities rose. The fresh roots were exposed to 55 °C for 2 days, the baicalin increased by 38.5%, the wogonoside by 24.1%, and the baicalein by 37.0%. This method can substantially improve the quality of Radix Scutellariae.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adhikari S, Tilak JC, Devasagayam TP (2011) Free radical reactions of a naturally occurring flavone baicalein and possible mechanisms towards its membrane protective properties. Indian J Biochem Biophys 48(4):275–482
Boyle SP, Doolan PJ, Andrews CE et al (2010) Evaluation of quality control strategies in Scutellaria herbal medicines. J Pharm Biomed Anal 54(5):951–957
Cheng CH, Yang FF, Liao SA et al (2015) High temperature induces apoptosis and oxidative stress in pufferfish (Takifugu obscurus) blood cells. J Therm Biol 53:172–179
Crawford DR, Davies KJ (1994) Adaptive response and oxidative stress. Environ Health Perspect 102:25–28
Driedonks N, Xu J, Peters JL et al (2015) Multi-level interactions between heat shock factors, heat shock proteins, and the redox system regulate acclimation to heat. Front Plant Sci 17(6):999–1006
Giannopolitis CN, Ries SK (1977) Superoxide Dismutases: II. Purification and quantitative relationship with water-soluble protein in seedlings. Plant Physiol 59(2):315–318
Hyun J, Woo Y, Hwang D et al (2010) Relationships between structures of hydroxyflavones and their antioxidative effects. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 20(18):5510–5513
Liu TM, Jiang XH (2006) Studies on the absorption kinetics of baicalin and baicaleinin rats. Stomachs and intestines. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 31(12):999–1001
Matsushita K, Azuma Y, Kosaka T et al (2016) Genomic analyses of thermotolerant microorganisms used for high-temperature fermentations. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 80(4):655–668
Min W, Ahmad I, Chang ME et al (2015) Baicalin protects keratinocytes from toll-like receptor-4 mediated DNA damage and inflammation following ultraviolet irradiation. Photochem Photobiol 91(6):1435–1443
Nahar K, Hasanuzzaman M, Alam MM et al (2017) Insights into spermine-induced combined high temperature and drought tolerance in mung bean: osmoregulation and roles of antioxidant and glyoxalase system. Protoplasma 254(1):445–460
Sharma P, Jha AB, Dubey RS et al (2012) Reactive oxygen species, oxidative damage, and antioxidative defense mechanism in plants under stressful conditions. J Bot:1–26
Song Q, Cao WL, Jiang H et al (2016) H2O2 improves quality of Radix scutellariae through anti-oxidant effect. Phcog Mag 12(45):84–91
Xu MJ, Dong JF, Zhang XB et al (2008) Interaction between NO and H2O2 evocated hypericin biosynthesis in Hypericum perforatum L cells via heat shock. Sci China Ser C Life Sci 38(7):643–653
Yang LX, Liu D, Feng XF et al (2002) Determination of flavone for Scutellaria baicalensis from different areas by HPLC. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 27(3):166–170
Young J, Park Y, Lee YU et al (2007) Antimicrobial effects of flavone analogues and their structure-activity relationships. J Microbiol Biotechnol 17(3):530–533
Yuan Y, Liu Y, Wu C et al (2012) Water deficit affected flavonoid accumulation by regulating hormone metabolism in Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi roots. PLoS One 7:e42946
Zeng SX, Wang YR, Liu HX et al (1991) Some enzymatic reactions related to chlorophyll degradation in cucumber cotyledons under chilling in the light. Acta Phytophysiol Sinica 17:177–182
Zhang R, Li Y, Zhou TS et al (2010) Dynamic changes of flavonoids levels in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi roots during drying process under the sun. Journal of Fudan University (Natural Science) 49(5):575–581
Zhang YG, Han M, Jiang et al (2014) Effect of environmental factors on photosynthetic physiology and flavonoid constituent of Scutellaria baicalensis. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 39(10):1761–1766
Zhou XQ, Liang H, Lu XH (2009) Flavonoids from Scutellaria Baicalensis and their bioactivities. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao 41(5):578–584
Acknowledgments
This project was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81573523).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethical Statement
N/A
Conflicts of Interests
None
Open access
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fu, X., Guo, H., Cong, W. et al. Herbal medicine Radix Scutellariae quality improved by exposure of the fresh root to high temperature. Orient Pharm Exp Med 18, 33–37 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13596-017-0275-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13596-017-0275-9