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Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes fractions potentially normalize the lead (Pb) poisoning and enhance in vitro thrombolysis

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Abstract

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) has been used in phytoextraction to uptake heavy metals and trace elements in various experiments. This research investigated the protective effects of Water hyacinth extracts on Lead (Pb)-induced toxicity in the albino rat. Forty-eight six-weeks-old Wistar albino male rats (average weight, 180 ± 6.45 g) were divided into six groups: normal control (NC), Pb control (PbC), Chloroform extract (ChEx), Ethyl acetate extract (EAEx), Methanol extract (MeEx) and Ascorbic acid treated groups (AA, positive control). All animals except NC group have been administered with Lead acetate (Pb(CH3COOH)2) before the therapeutic dose. Thrombolytic and cytotoxic effects were evaluated by modified clot lysis and Brine shrimp lethality tests respectively. Biochemical analyses reports revealed that ChEx significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced the elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) whereas MeEx did the alanine amino transferase (ALT) in comparison to positive control. ChEx significantly inhibited the Pb deposition in kidney and liver than two other extracts. ChEx significantly increased the liver protein compared to PbC group. In the thrombolytic assay, EAEx showed the pronounced clot lysis (49.24 %) while ChEx and MeEx showed 45.18 % and 29.13 % of clot lysis respectively. In Brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the LC50 value of the ChEx, EAEx and MeEx were 4.16, 4.47 and 9.27 μg/mg respectively and values were statistically significant (p < 0.05) compared to that of reference cytotoxic agent, Vincristine sulfate (LC50’ 0.55). Histopathological screening of kidney, liver and spleen showed that ethyl acetate extract recovered the highest of the cellular damage caused by Lead acetate. Biochemical and histopathological screening, therefore, demonstrate that Water hyacinth could be one of the promising sources of normalizing the Pb-poisoning and enhancing the thrombolysis in an animal model. Therapeutic prospects of Water hyacinth could be further studied through highlighting a dose-response study.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a funding from the University Grants Commission-Dean Research Grant, Bangladesh. Authors are grateful to the Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology laboratories, University of Chittagong, for providing the research facilities to conduct the whole research. The authors are also thankful to the Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) lab, Chittagong-4220, Bangladesh.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, -4331, Bangladesh

    A. M. Abu Ahmed, Sarowar Jahan Khan, Nipun Mojumder & Farjana Sharmen

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, -4331, Bangladesh

    Md. Atiar Rahman & J.M. Kamirul Hasan Chowdhury

  3. Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSRI), Chittagong, -4220, Bangladesh

    Muhammad Abu Bakar

  4. Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, -4331, Bangladesh

    Mohammad Ali Azadi

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  1. A. M. Abu Ahmed
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Ethical Statement

Animals were handled and maintained according to the institutional animal ethical guidelines of the Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong.

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Ahmed, A.M.A., Khan, S.J., Mojumder, N. et al. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes fractions potentially normalize the lead (Pb) poisoning and enhance in vitro thrombolysis. ADV TRADIT MED (ADTM) 16, 321–331 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13596-016-0243-9

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