Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Identification by SEM and screening of antibacterial and antioxidant activity of Pteropyrum Scoparium Jaub & Spach Leaves using green solvent extracts

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The leaves of Pteropyrum scoparium Jaub & Spach are used by the locals in Oman for treating various stomach infirmities including dyspepsia. No analysis of this species in terms of bioactive composition is reported, however members of this family are reported to contain flavonoids and anthraquinones. This study aimed to explore the bioactive compounds in the Pteropyrum scoparium Jaub & Spach leaves and optimize the bioactive compound extraction process using green solvents such as water, 30 % aqueous glycerol and ethanol. We compared the extraction ability of the solvents by estimate the polyphenols and further evaluated the flavonoids and radical scavenging capacity of the liquid crude extract (LCE) s. We also screened the LCEs for presence of any antibacterial ability on selected ATCC gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains. We established the identification data by recording the botanical characters of the leaves using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) so that the future identification and quality assessment can have strong basis. In extraction process we found the 30 % aqueous glycerol to be most efficient solvent in extraction yield of polyphenols followed by water. However, water LCE was found to be highest in the total flavonoids as well as in radical scavenging capacity. Anti-bacterial screening showed average inhibitory effect on the bacterial growth, interestingly the ethanol LCE showed activity against the gram negative E. coli. Overall as we optimized the extraction process for the leaves of Pteropyrum scoparium Jaub & Spach using green solvents, it is considered safe and offers great potential for further purification and application in future studies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahmed Abdo-Rabbo MA-A, Brian C Gunn, Hawraa Al-Lawati, Batool J Suleiman (2009) Household Survey on Medicine Use in Oman.

  • Al-zoreky NS, Al–Taher AY (2015) Antibacterial activity of spathe from Phoenix dactylifera L. against some food-borne pathogens. Ind Crop Prod 65:241–246. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.12.014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Armenta S, Garrigues S, de la Guardia M (2015) The role of green extraction techniques in green analytical chemistry TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry

  • Aslam F, Rehman K, Asghar M, Sarwar M (2009) Antibacterial activity of various phytoconstituents of Neem Pak. J Agric Sci 46:209–213

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhakuni DS, Dhar M, Dhar M, Dhawan B, Mehrotra B (1969) Screening of Indian plants for biological activity: Part II Indian. J Exp Biol 7:250–262

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boulekbache-Makhlouf L, Slimani S, Madani K (2013) Total phenolic content, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of fruits of Eucalyptus globulus cultivated in Algeria. Ind Crop Prod 41:85–89. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.04.019

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chand P, Shaik S, Sadath A, Ziaullah K (2008) Antisalmonella Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants. Turk J Biol 33:59–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Crowe KM, Allison D (2015) Evaluating Bioactive Food Components in Obesity and Cancer. Prevention Critical reviews in food science and nutrition 55:732–734

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Czuchajowska Z (2015) Seasonal changes of pH and buffer capacity of aqueous homogenates of Vaccinium vitis-idaea and Vaccinium myrtillus leaves. Acta Soc Bot Pol 48:35–46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dahiya P, Purkayastha S (2012) Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants against multi-drug resistant bacteria from clinical isolates. Indian journal of pharmaceutical sciences 74:443

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Djerrad Z, Kadik L, Djouahri A (2015) Chemical variability and antioxidant activities among Pinus halepensis mill. Essential oils provenances, depending on geographic variation and environmental conditions. Ind Crop Prod 74:440–449. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.05.049

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eloff J (1998) Which extractant should be used for the screening and isolation of antimicrobial components from plants? J Ethnopharmacol 60:1–8

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ensikat H, Ditsche-Kuru P, Barthlott W, Méndez-Vilas A, Díaz J (2010) Scanning electron microscopy of plant surfaces: simple but sophisticated methods for preparation and examination Microscopy: Science, technology, applications and education 1:248–255

  • Essa MM, Guillemin G, Al-Rawahi A, Singh V, Guizani N, Memon A (2012) Walnuts (Juglans regia linn) and its health benefits

  • Fernandes MRV, Dias ALT, Carvalho RR, Souza CRF, Oliveira WP (2014) Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Psidium guajava L. spray dried extracts Industrial Crops and Products 60:39–44 doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.05.049

  • Ghazanfar SA (1994) Handbook of Arabian medicinal plants. CRC press

  • Gu Y, Jérôme F (2010) Glycerol as a sustainable solvent for green chemistry. Green Chem 12:1127–1138

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guizani N, Waly MI, Ali A, Al-Saidi G, Singh V, Bhatt N, Rahman MS (2011) Papaya epicarp extract protects against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in human SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. Experimental Biology and Medicine 236:1205–1210

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guizani N, Essa MM, Al-Kharousi Z, Singh V, Soussi B, Guillemin G (2012) Omega 3 fatty acids and its potential health benefits

  • Guizani N, Waly MI, Singh V, Rahman MS (2013) Nabag (Zizyphus spina-christi) extract prevents aberrant crypt foci development in colons of azoxymethane-treated rats by abrogating oxidative stress and inducing apoptosis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 14:5031–5035

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gyamfi MA, Yonamine M, Aniya Y (1999) Free-radical scavenging action of medicinal herbs from Ghana: Thonningia sanguinea on experimentally-induced liver injuries General Pharmacology. The Vascular System 32:661–667. doi:10.1016/S0306-3623(98)00238-9

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Herrero M, Ibáñez E (2015) ) Green processes and sustainability: An overview on the extraction of high added-value products from seaweeds and microalgae. J Supercrit Fluids 96:211–216

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jeyaseelan EC, Jenothiny S, Pathmanathan M, Jeyadevan J (2012) Antibacterial activity of sequentially extracted organic solvent extracts of fruits, flowers and leaves of Lawsonia inermis L. from Jaffna Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine 2:798–802

  • Johnson JR, Russo TA, Drawz SM, Clabots C, Olson R, Kuskowski MA, Rosen H (2013) OxyR contributes to the virulence of a clonal group a Escherichia coli strain (O17: K+: H18) in animal models of urinary tract infection, subcutaneous infection, and systemic sepsis. Microb Pathog 64:1–5

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaneto H, Katakami N, Matsuhisa M, T-a M (2010) Role of reactive oxygen species in the progression of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. Mediat Inflamm 2010:453892

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim D-O, Jeong SW, CY L (2003) Antioxidant capacity of phenolic phytochemicals from various cultivars of plums. Food Chem 81:321–326

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee SE, Hwang HJ, Ha J-S, Jeong H-S, JH K (2003) Screening of medicinal plant extracts for antioxidant activity. Life Sci 73:167–179

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Manges AR, Johnson JR (2012) Foodborne origins of Escherichia coli causing extraintestinal infections Clinical infectious diseases:cis502

  • Miliauskas G, Venskutonis P, Van Beek T (2004) Screening of radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts Food chemistry 85:231–237

  • Musselman L (1995) Handbook of arabian medicinal plants. Shahina a. Ghazanfar Econ Bot 49:422–422. doi:10.1007/bf02863093

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Olaleye M, Bello-Michael C (2005) Comparative antimicrobial activities of Aloe vera gel and leaf African. Journal of Biotechnology:4

  • Ørskov I, Ørskov F (1985) Escherichia coli in extra-intestinal infections. J Hyg 95:551–575

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Parekh J, Chanda S (2007) In vitro antibacterial activity of the crude methanol extract of Woodfordia Fruticosa Kurz. Flower (Lythraceae). Braz J Microbiol 38:204–207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qi X-L, Peng X, Huang Y-Y, Li L, Wei Z-F, Zu Y-G, Fu Y-J (2015) Green and efficient extraction of bioactive flavonoids from Equisetum palustre L. by deep eutectic solvents-based negative pressure cavitation method combined with macroporous resin enrichment Industrial Crops and Products 70:142–148

  • Rathbone B, Wyatt J, Worsley B, Shires S, Trejdosiewicz L, Heatley R, Losowsky M (1986) Systemic and local antibody responses to gastric Campylobacter pyloridis in non-ulcer dyspepsia. + 27:642–647

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Satué-Gracia MT, Heinonen M, EN F (1997) Anthocyanins as antioxidants on human low-density lipoprotein and lecithin-liposome systems. J Agric Food Chem 45:3362–3367

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Serrano R, da Silva G, Silva O (2010) Application of light and scanning electron microscopy in the identification of herbal medicines Mendez vilas A, Diaz J(eds) Microscopy: Science, Technology, Application and Education 1

  • Siegfried L, Kmetova M, Janigova V, Sasinka M, Takacova V (1995) Serum response of Escherichia coli strains causing dyspepsia and urinary tract infection: relation to alpha-hemolysin production and O type Infection and immunity 63:4543–4545

  • Singh V, Essa MM, Waly M, Ali A, Guizani N, Guillemin G (2012a) Mango (Mangifera indica linn.) and its health benefits

  • Singh V, Guizani N, Essa M, Hakkim F, Rahman M (2012b) Comparative analysis of total phenolics, flavonoid content and antioxidant profile of different date varieties (Phoenix dactylifera L.) from Sultanate of Oman International Food Research Journal 19:1063–1070

  • Singleton V, Rossi JA (1965) Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. Am J Enol Vitic 16:144–158

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Škerget M, Kotnik P, Hadolin M, Hraš AR, Simonič M, Knez Ž (2005) Phenols, proanthocyanidins, flavones and flavonols in some plant materials and their antioxidant activities. Food Chem 89:191–198

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soysal Y (2004) Microwave drying characteristics of parsley. Biosyst Eng 89:167–173

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uttara B, Singh AV, Zamboni P, Mahajan R (2009) Oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases: a review of upstream and downstream antioxidant therapeutic options. Curr Neuropharmacol 7:65

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Vuong QV, Hirun S, Roach PD, Bowyer MC, Phillips PA, CJ S (2013) Effect of extraction conditions on total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of Carica papaya leaf aqueous extracts. Journal of Herbal Medicine 3:104–111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang G (2010) Antimicrobial peptides: discovery, design and novel therapeutic strategies vol 18. CABI

  • Wolfson A, Dlugy C, Shotland Y (2007) Glycerol as a green solvent for high product yields and selectivities. Environ Chem Lett 5:67–71

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wong SP, Leong LP, JHW K (2006) Antioxidant activities of aqueous extracts of selected plants. Food Chem 99:775–783

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zaidan M, Noor Rain A, Badrul A, Adlin A, Norazah A, Zakiah I (2005) In vitro screening of five local medicinal plants for antibacterial activity using disc diffusion method. Trop Biomed 22:165–170

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao H et al. (2006) Effects of extraction solvent mixtures on antioxidant activity evaluation and their extraction capacity and selectivity for free phenolic compounds in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). J Agric Food Chem 54:7277–7286

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to the Research Council (TRC), Oman for a FURAP grant no. FRP/ASU/14/003-CAS-2. We acknowledge A’Sharqiyah University (ASU), Oman for the Research grant No. ASU-FSFR/CAS/DBS-02/2015 and Collaborative research visit award to HHS. The author gratefully acknowledges the support from College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University for providing the ATCC culture for antibacterial analysis in this research. We also acknowledge the valuable help from A'Sharqiyah University colleagues, Mr. Jackson Achankunju in sample collection and Mr. Syed Sikander Hassan during microbial analysis.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Basic Science, College of Applied Sciences, A’Sharqiyah University, P. O. Box 42, Ibra, Oman

    Hakikulla Shah & Mohammad Sadat Ali

  2. Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of applied Sciences, A’Sharqiyah University, P. O. Box 42, Ibra, Oman

    Fatima Al-Malki & Vandita Singh

  3. Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P. O. Box 34, Al-Khod 123, Muscat, Oman

    Nejib Guizani

  4. Microscopy and Analysis Suite (MAS), Faculty of Science, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK

    Philip Fletcher

Authors
  1. Hakikulla Shah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mohammad Sadat Ali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Fatima Al-Malki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Nejib Guizani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Philip Fletcher
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Vandita Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Hakikulla Shah or Vandita Singh.

Ethics declarations

Ethical Statement

N/A

Conflict of interest statement

We declare that we have no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Shah, H., Ali, M.S., Al-Malki, F. et al. Identification by SEM and screening of antibacterial and antioxidant activity of Pteropyrum Scoparium Jaub & Spach Leaves using green solvent extracts. Orient Pharm Exp Med 16, 203–208 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13596-016-0229-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13596-016-0229-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation