Abstract
CO2 is usually supplied to the bottom of crops in greenhouses. However, optimal CO2 enrichment positions may differ depending on plant architecture and cultivation conditions. The objective of this study was to estimate the photosynthesis of greenhouse-grown mangoes (Mangifera indica L. “Irwin”) depending on the vertical position of CO2 enrichment using a three-dimensional plant model and ray-tracing simulation. Twenty-seven CO2 sensors were installed at each vertex of a grid around a 4-year-old mango tree. The distributions of CO2 concentration were measured under four different CO2 treatments: without CO2 enrichment (control) and with CO2 enrichment at 0.5 m (E0.5), 1.0 m (E1.0), and 1.5 m (E1.5). The intercepted light intensity of the plants was estimated using ray-tracing simulations. The leaf photosynthetic rates were calculated using the Faquhar, von Caemmerer, and Berry models. The accumulated CO2 consumptions from 08:00 to 10:30 were obtained under the four CO2 treatments. The CO2 concentrations in E0.5, E1.0, and E1.5 were 45.6%, 48.4%, and 153.6% higher than that of the control (544.6, 455.8, and 406.3 µmol CO2·mol–1, respectively). Using the leaf photosynthesis model at each position, the CO2 consumptions per plant in E0.5, E1.0, and E1.5 were estimated to be 50.0%, 63.6%, and 49.8% higher, respectively, than that of the control (1.76 g CO2·h–1). The highest CO2 consumption per plant was estimated to be 8.82 g CO2, obtained by enriching CO2 at 1.2 m. The results confirm that CO2 enrichment at adequate positions can enhance crop photosynthesis and CO2 utilization efficiency in greenhouses.
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Acknowledgements
This study was supported by the MSIT (Ministry of Science and ICT), Korea, under the Grand Information Technology Research Center support program (IITP-2022-2020-0-01489) supervised by the IITP (Institute for Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation).
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Conceptualization, methodology, investigation, and writing—review and editing, DHJ and JES; formal analysis and data curation, DHJ and IH; supervision, project administration, and funding acquisition, JES. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
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Jung, D.H., Hwang, I. & Son, J.E. Three-dimensional estimation of greenhouse-grown mango photosynthesis with different CO2 enrichment heights. Hortic. Environ. Biotechnol. 63, 823–834 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-022-00453-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-022-00453-3