Abstract
The genetic variation of seven genes in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway was investigated in thirteen papaya cultivars. DNA analysis revealed a total of 46 polymorphisms; 42 SNPs (29 positions in introns and 13 positions in exons) and four insertions/deletions. Six SNPs were transversions resulting in amino acid changes. Most variations were found in cpLCYE (21), followed by cpVDE (10). In cpLCYB and cpNCED3, only one polymorphism was found in each gene. Expression studies indicated the differential expression of caroteogenic genes in red, orange and yellow-fleshed papaya during ripening. At ripe stage, the expression level of cpZEP, cpLYCE, cpVDE, cpLCYB and cpNCED3 was higher in red-fleshed than in orange- and yellow-fleshed papaya. The expression level of cpBCH in ripe red-fleshed papaya was significantly lower than that of both orange and yellow-fleshed papaya. Yellow-fleshed papaya cv. Krung Yellow had highest level of beta-carotene at 1428 ± 32 µg/g FW. Lycopene content of red-fleshed papaya cv. Mexico was 1830 ± 208 µg/g FW was highest among the three cultivars. This study revealed DNA polymorphisms in cartenogenic genes among papaya cultivars and their differential expressions in red, orange and yellow-fleshed papaya correlated with carotenoid content and flesh colour.
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Abbreviations
- Cp:
-
Carica papaya
- PDS:
-
Phytoene desaturase
- CRTISO:
-
Carotene isomerase
- ZDS:
-
Zeta-carotene desaturase
- LCYB:
-
Lycopene beta-cyclase
- LCYE:
-
Lycopene epsilon cyclase
- BCH:
-
Beta- carotene hydroxylase
- ZEP:
-
Zeaxanthin epoxydase
- VDE:
-
Violaxanthin de-epoxidase
- NCED:
-
9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase
- Mex:
-
Mexico
- KN:
-
Khak Nual
- KY:
-
Krung Yellow
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Acknowledgements
The research was partially supported by (a) The Center of Excellence on Agricultural biotechnology, Science and Technology Postgraduate Education and Research Development Office, Office of Higher Education Commission, Ministry of Education (AG-BIO/PERDO-CHE), (b) National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC) and (c) National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT).
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Saengmanee, P., Burns, P., Chaisan, T. et al. Genetic diversity of genes involved in the carotenoid pathway of Carica papaya L. and their expression during fruit ripening. J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol. 27, 90–99 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13562-017-0419-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13562-017-0419-5