Williams SN, Wolford ML, Bercovitz A. Hospitalization for total knee replacement among inpatients aged 45 and over: United States, 2000–2010. NCHS Data Brief. 2015;210:1–8.
Google Scholar
Kurtz S, Ong K, Lau E, Mowat F, Halpern M. Projections of primary and revision hip and knee arthroplasty in the United States from 2005 to 2030. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007;89:780.
Kim SH, Wise BL, Zhang Y, Szabo RM. Increasing incidence of shoulder arthroplasty in the United States. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2011;93:2249–54.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Morwood MP, Garrigues GE. Shoulder arthroplasty in the patient with metal hypersensitivity. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2015;24(7):1156–64.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Disegi JA, Eschbach L. Stainless steel in bone surgery. Injury. 2000;31(Suppl 4):2–6.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Foussereau J, Langier P. Allergic eczemas from metallic foreign bodies. Trans St Johns Hosp Dermatol Soc. 1966;52:220–5.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Benson MK, Goodwin PG, Brostoff J. Metal sensitivity in patients with joint replacement arthroplasties. Br Med J. 1975;15:374–5.
Article
Google Scholar
Christiansen K, Holmes K, Zilko PJ. Metal sensitivity causing loosened joint prostheses. Ann Rheum Dis. 1980;39(5):476.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Article
Google Scholar
Lalor PA, Revell PA, Gray AB, et al. Sensitivity to titanium. A cause of implant failure? J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1991;73(1):25.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Krecisz B, Kiec-Swierczynska M, Chomiczewska-Skora D. Allergy to orthopedic metal implantsda prospective study. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2012;25(4):463.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Basketter DA, Briatico-Vangosa G, Kaestner W, Lally C, Bontinck WJ. Nickel, cobalt and chromium in consumer products: a role in allergic contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis. 1993;28:15–25.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Cramers M, Lucht U. Metal sensitivity in patients treated for tibial fractures with plates of stainless steel. Acta Orthop Scand. 1977;48:245–9.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Fisher AA. Allergic dermatitis presumably due to metallic foreign bodies containing nickel or cobalt. Cutis. 1977;19:285–6.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rostoker G, Robin MD, Binet MD, et al. Dermatitis due to orthopaedic implants: a review of literature and report of three cases. J Bone Joint Surg. 1987;69:1408–12.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Merle C, Vigan M, Devred D, et al. Generalized eczema from Vitallium osteosynthesis material. Contact Dermatitis. 1992;27:257–8.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Ridley CM. How relevant is cobalt sensitivity in a patient with unsatisfactory total knee replacement? Clin Exp Dermatol. 1977;2:401–4.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Symeonides PP, Paschaloglu C, Papageorgiou S. An allergic reaction after fixation of a fracture using a Vitallium plate. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1993;51:251–2.
Article
Google Scholar
Munro-Ashman D, Miller AJ. Rejection of metal to metal prosthesis and skin sensitivity to cobalt. Contact Dermatitis. 1976;2:65–7.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Verma SB, Mody B, Gawkrodger DJ. Dermatitis on the knee following knee replacement: a minority of cases show contact allergy to chromate, cobalt or nickel but a causal association is unproven. Contact Dermatitis. 2006;54:228–9.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Basko-Plluska JL, Thyssen JP, Schalock PC. Cutaneous and systemic hypersensitivity reactions to metallic implants. Dermatitis. 2011;22(2):65–79.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Halpin DS. An unusual reaction in muscle in association with a Vitallium plate: a report of possible metal hypersensitivity. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1975;57:451–3.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Black J, Sherk H, Bonini J, Rostoker WR, Schajowicz F, Galante JO. Metallosis associated with a stable titanium-alloy femoral component in total hip replacement: a case report. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1990;72:126–30.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Nakamura S, Yasunaga Y, Ikuta Y, Shimogaki K, Hamada N, Takata N. Autoantibodies to red cells associated with metallosis—a case report. Acta Orthop Scand. 1997;68:495–6.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Thyssen JP, Johansen JD, Menné T, Lidén C, Bruze M, White IR. Hypersensitivity reactions from metallic implants: a future challenge that needs to be addressed. Br J Dermatol. 2010; 162:235–6.
Zamzow H. Allergic reactions to knee prostheses from the viewpoint of a trauma surgeon of the “Medizinischer Dienst der Krankenversicherung”. Orthopade. 2008;37(2):1190–4.
Article
Google Scholar
Thyssen JP, Jakobsen SS, Engkilde K, Johansen JD, Soballe K, Menne T. The association between metal allergy, total hip arthroplasty, and revision. Acta Orthop. 2009;80:646–52.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Article
Google Scholar
Park YS, Moon YW, Lim SJ, Yang JM, Ahn G, Choi YL. Early osteolysis following second-generation metal-on-metal hip replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87:1515–21.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Antony FC, Holden CA. Metal allergy resurfaces in failed hip endoprostheses. Contact Dermatitis. 2003;48:49–50.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Milavec-Puretic V, Orlic D, Marusic A. Sensitivity to metals in 40 patients with failed hip endoprosthesis. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 1998;117:383–6.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Hallab N, Merritt K, Jacobs JJ. Metal sensitivity in patients with orthopaedic implants. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001;83A:428–36.
Article
Google Scholar
Mahendra G, Pandit H, Kliskey K, Murray D, Gill HS, Athanasou N. Necrotic and inflammatory changes in metal-on-metal resurfacing hip arthroplasties. Acta Orthop. 2009;80:653–9.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Article
Google Scholar
Fang CS, Harvie P, Gibbons CL, Whitwell D, Athanasou NA, Ostlere S. The imaging spectrum of peri-articular inflammatory masses following metal-on-metal hip resurfacing. Skeletal Radiol. 2008;37:715–22.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Willert HG, Buchhorn GH, Fayyazi A, Flury R, Windler M, Koster G, Lohmann CH. Metal-on-metal bearings and hypersensitivity in patients with artificial hip joints. A clinical and histomorphological study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87:28–36.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mikhael MM, Hanssen AD, Sierra RJ. Failure of metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty mimicking hip infection. A report of two cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009;91:443–6.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Campbell P, Shimmin LW, Solomon M. Metal sensitivity as a cause of groin pain in metal-on-metal hip resurfacing. J Arthroplasty. 2008;23:1080–5.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Jensen P, Thyssen JP, Retpen JB, Menne T. Cobalt allergy and suspected aseptic lymphocyte-dominated vascular-associated lesion following total hip arthroplasty. Contact Dermatitis. 2009;61:238–9.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Counsell A, Heasley R, Arumilli B, Paul A. A groin mass caused by metal particle debris after hip resurfacing. Acta Orthop Belg. 2008;74:870–4.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Granchi D, Cenni E, Tigani D, Trisolino G, Baldini N, Giunti A. Sensitivity to implant materials in patients with total knee arthroplasties. Biomaterials. 2008;29:1494–500.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Niki Y, Matsumoto H, Otani T, Yatabe T, Kondo M, Yoshimine F, Toyama Y. Screening for symptomatic metal sensitivity: a prospective study of 92 patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. Biomaterials. 2005;26:1019–26.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Lachiewicz PF, Watters TS, Jacobs JJ. Metal hypersensitivity and total knee arthroplasty. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2016;24(2):106–12.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Article
Google Scholar
Bravo D, Wagner ER, Larson DR, Davis MP, Pagnano MW, Sierra RJ. No increased risk of knee arthroplasty failure in patients with positive skin patch testing for metal hypersensitivity: a matched cohort study. J Arthroplasty. 2016;31(8):1717–21.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Webley M, Kates A, Snaith ML. Metal sensitivity in patients with a hinge arthroplasty of the knee. Ann Rheum Dis. 1978;37:373–5.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Article
Google Scholar
Middleton S, Toms A. Allergy in total knee arthroplasty: a review of the facts. Bone Joint J. 2016; 98-B:437–41.
Nam D, Li K, Riegler B, Barrack RL. Patient-reported metal allergy: a risk factor for poor outcomes after total joint arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2016;31(9):1910–5.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Carlsson A, Möller H. Implantation of orthopaedic devices in patients with metal allergy. Acta Derm Venereol. 1989;69:62–6.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Giesinger JM, Kuster MS, Behrend H, et al. Association of psychological status and patient-reported physical outcome measures in joint arthroplasty: a lack of divergent validity. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2013;11:64.
Perruccio AV, Davis AM, Hogg-Johnson S, et al. Importance of self-rated health and mental well-being in predicting health outcomes following total joint replacement surgery for osteoarthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011;63(7):973.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Lavernia CJ, Alcerro JC, Brooks LG, et al. Mental health and outcomes in primary total joint arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2012;27(7):1276.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Browne JA, Sandberg BF, D’Apuzzo MR, et al. Depression is associated with early postoperative outcomes following total joint arthroplasty: a nationwide data- base study. J Arthroplasty. 2014;29(3):481.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Graves CM, Otero JE, Gao Y, et al. Patient reported allergies are a risk factor for poor outcomes in total hip and knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2014;29(9 Suppl):147.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Bourne RB, Chesworth BM, Davis AM, et al. Patient satisfaction after total knee arthroplasty: who is satisfied and who is not? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2010; 468(1):57.
Thyssen JP, Menné T, Schalock PC, Taylor JS, Maibach HI. Pragmatic approach to the clinical work-up of patients with putative allergic disease to metallic orthopaedic implants before and after surgery. Br J Dermatol. 2011;164:473–478.
Bruze M. Thoughts on implants and contact allergy. Arch Dermatol. 2008;144(8):1042–4.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Razak A, Ebinesan AD, Charalambous CP. Metal allergy screening prior to joint arthroplasty and its influence on implant choice: a delphi consensus study amongst orthopaedic arthroplasty surgeons. Knee Surg Relat Res. 2013;25:186–93.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Article
Google Scholar
Thomas P, Schuh A, Ring J, Thomsen M. Orthopedic surgical implants and allergies: joint statement by the implant allergy working group (AK 20) of the DGOOC (German Association of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Surgery), DKG (German Contact Dermatitis Research Group) and DGAKI (German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology). Orthopade. 2008;37:75–88.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Granchi D, Cenni E, Giunti A, Baldini N. Metal hypersensitivity testing in patients undergoing joint replacement: a systematic review. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2012;94:1126–34.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Reed KB, Davis MD, Nakamura K, Hanson L, Richardson DM. Retrospective evaluation of patch testing before or after metal device implantation. Arch Dermatol. 2008;144:999–1007.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Schalock PC, Crawford G, Nedorost S, Scheinman PL, Atwater AR, Mowad C, Brod B, Ehrlich A, Watsky KL, Sasseville D, Silvestri D, Worobec SM, Elliott JF, Honari G, Powell DL, Taylor J, Dekoven J. American Contact Dermatitis Society: patch testing for evaluation of hypersensitivity to implanted metal devices. Dermatitis. 2016;27:241–7.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Schalock PC, Thyssen JP. Metal hypersensitivity reactions to implants—opinions and practices of patch testing dermatologists. Dermatitis. 2013;24:313–20.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Schalock PC, Menné T, Johansen J, Taylor JS, Maibach HI, Lidén C, Bruze M, Thyssen JP. Hypersensitivity reactions to metallic implants—diagnostic algorithm and suggested patch test series for clinical use. Contact Dermatitis. 2012;66(1):4–19.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Thyssen JP, Menné T, Schalock PC, Taylor JS, Maibach HI. Pragmatic approach to the clinical work-up of patients with putative allergic disease to metallic orthopaedic implants before and after surgery. Br J Dermatol. 2011; 164:473–8.
Baik JJ, Yoon YB, Park HS. Cobalt-induced occupational asthma associated with systemic illness. J Korean Med Sci. 1995;10:200–4.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Article
Google Scholar
Leguy-Seguin V, Jolimoy G, Coudert B, Pernot C, et al. Diagnostic and predictive value of skin testing in platinum salt hypersensitivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;119:726–30.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Morris DL. Intradermal testing and sublingual desensitization for nickel. Cutis. 1998;61:129–32.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yamauchi R, Morita A, Tsuji T. Pacemaker dermatitis from titanium. Contact Dermatitis. 2000;42:52–3.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Herbst RA, Lauerma AI, Maibach HI. Intradermal testing in the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis. A reappraisal. Contact Dermatitis. 1993;29(1):1–5.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Mowad CM. Practice gap: the role of patch testing in the selection and management of metal device implants. Arch Dermatol. 2012;148(6):693–4.
Article
Google Scholar
Cousen PJ, Gawkrodger DJ. Metal allergy and second generation metal on metal arthroplasties. Contact Dermatitis. 2012;66(2):55–62.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Jacobs JJ. Clinical manifestations of metal allergy. Adverse reactions to byproducts of joint replacements (AAOS/ORSI). Presented at the American academy of Orthopaedic Surgery 2012 Annual Meeting. Feb. 7–11. San Francisco.
Gallo J, Goodman SB, Konttinen YT, Raska M. Particle disease: biologic mechanisms of periprosthetic osteolysis in total hip arthroplasty. Innate Immun. 2013;19(2):213–24.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Münch HJ, Jacobsen SS, Olesen JT, Menné T, Søballe K, Johansen JD, Thyssen JP. The association between metal allergy, total knee arthroplasty, and revision. Acta Orthop. 2015;13:1–6.
Google Scholar
Everness KM, Gawkrodger DJ, Botham PA, Hunter JA. The discrimination between nickel-sensitive and non-nickel-sensitive subjects by an in vitro lymphocyte transformation test. Br J Dermatol. 1990;122:293–8.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Luque I, Leyva L, Jose Torres M, Rosal M, Mayorga C, Segura JM, Blanca M, Juarez C. In vitro T-cell responses to beta-lactam drugs in immediate and nonimmediate allergic reactions. Allergy. 2001;56:611–8.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Nyfeler B, Pichler WJ. The lymphocyte transformation test for the diagnosis of drug allergy: sensitivity and specificity. Clin Exp Allergy. 1997;27:175–81.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Atanaskova Mesinkovska N, Tellez A, Molina L, Honari G, Sood A, Barsoum W, Taylor JS. The effect of patch testing on surgical practices and outcomes in orthopedic patients with metal implants. Arch Dermatol. 2012;148(6):687–93.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Shah B, Cohee A, Deyerle A, Kelly CS, Frantz F, Kelly RE, Kuhn MA, Lombardo M, Obermeyer R, Goretsky MJ. High rates of metal allergy amongst Nuss procedure patients dictate broader pre- operative testing. J Pediatr Surg. 2014;49(3):451–4.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Schalock PC, Thyssen JP. Patch testers’ opinions regarding diagnostic criteria for metal hypersensitivity reactions to metallic implants. Dermatitis. 2013; 24:183–5.
Mitchelson AJ, Wilson CJ, Mihalko WM, Grupp TM, Manning BT, Dennis DA, Goodman SB, Tzeng TH, Vasdev S, Saleh KJ. Biomaterial hypersensitivity: is it real? Supportive evidence and approach considerations for metal allergic patients following total knee arthroplasty. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:137287.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Article
Google Scholar
Muller KE, Valentine-Thon E. Hypersensitivity to titanium: clinical and laboratory evidence. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2006;27:311–3.
Google Scholar
Hallab NJ, Mikecz K, Jacobs JJ. A triple assay technique for the evaluation of metal-induced, delayed-type hypersensitivity responses in patients with or receiving total joint arthroplasty. J Biomed Mater Res. 2000;53:480–9.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Cadosch D, Chan E, Gautschi OP, Filgueira L. Metal is not inert: role of metal ions released by biocorrosion in aseptic loosening—current concepts. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2009;91:1252–62.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Granchi D, Cenni E, Giunti A, Baldini N. Metal hypersensitivity testing in patients undergoing joint replacement: a systematic review. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2012;94:1126–34.
CAS
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Park CN, White PB, Meftah M, Ranawat AS, Ranawat CS. Diagnostic Algorithm for residual pain after total knee arthroplasty. Orthopedics. 2016;39:246–52.
Article
Google Scholar