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Reactive oxygen species mediated apoptosis induction in human liver cancer cells by Emblica officinalis (Amla): a new trend in liver cancer treatment

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Abstract

Objective

It is well known that E. officinalis (Amla) has anti-oxidant, tonifying, anti-aging, detoxifying, and anti-cancer properties in addition to acting as a broad spectrum antibiotic against various infectious diseases. This wonder plant contains antioxidants which aid in the clearing of toxins from the body (The liver is where toxins are found in abundance) and may also protect the liver from the resulting damage. However, the effects of E.officinalis on normal human liver cells along with cancer human liver cells remain largely unknown. The purpose of this study is to look into the hapto-protective and anticancer effects of E. officinalis on normal as well as cancer liver cell line.

Methodology

approaching the same, aqueous extract of E. officinalis fruit extract was prepared for anticancer screening. The hepatoprotective and anticancer effect of amla on cell viability, cytotoxicity and cell proliferation of normal human liver cells (Wrl-68) and cancer human liver cell (HepG2) was analyzed using trypan blue dye exclusion test, MTT & WST assay as well as by fluorescent staining with PI & DAPI. ROS and Apoptosis was analyzed by DCFDA and Annexin V/PI assay and expression of apoptosis-regulating proteins was evaluated by immunoblotting.

Results

The study demonstrated that 50 μg/ml of fruit extract of E.officinalis inhibited cell viability and induced cytotoxicity, simultaneously triggers apoptosis in cancer cells by generation of intracellular ROS species in HepG2 cells without any toxic effect on normal liver cell after 48 h of incubation.

Conclusion

E.officinalis fruit shows tremendous pharmacological and medicinal application along with cheap or cost effective clinical validation for the treatment of both organ specific tumors as well as for various types of leukemia.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Code availability

Not applicable.

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Acknowledgements

The work was funded by DST-SERB (Science and Engineering Research Board) India grant number EMR/2017/004171. Financial aid given to the first author by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-UGC) in the form of a fellowship. The authors also like to thank the funding of researchers supporting Project number (RSPD2024R710) from King Saud University, Riyadh Saudi Arabia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, School of Earth Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India

    Archana Chaudhary, Nandani kumari & Rizwanul Haque

  2. Department of Surgical Oncology, State Cancer Institute, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sheikh Pura, Patna, Bihar, India

    Manish kumar

  3. Department of Pharmacology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sheikh Pura, Patna, Bihar, India

    Md. Margoob Ahmad

  4. Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammad Shamsul Ola

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  1. Archana Chaudhary
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Contributions

The idea and layout of the research were helped by Rizwanul Haque. Archana Chaudhary prepared the material and collected the data. Formal analysis and investigation were carried out by Archana Chaudhary, and Rizwanul Haque. Nandani kumari helped in biochemical assay. Archana Chaudhary drafted the manuscript. Prof. Rizwanul Haque, Dr. Manish kumar, Dr. Md. Margoob Ahmad, Dr. Mohammad Shamsul Ola and all authors reviewed and edited previous version of manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rizwanul Haque.

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Conflict of interest

Archana Chaudhary, Nandani kumari, Manish kumar, Md. MargoobAhmad, Mohammad Shamsul Ola, Rizwanul Haque declare that we have no conflict of interest.

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This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

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Chaudhary, A., kumari, N., kumar, M. et al. Reactive oxygen species mediated apoptosis induction in human liver cancer cells by Emblica officinalis (Amla): a new trend in liver cancer treatment. Toxicol. Environ. Health Sci. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13530-024-00209-9

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