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The association between enterovirus (EV) infection and the risk of type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis

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International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objective

The present systematic review was aimed to explore the possible relationship between enterovirus (EV) infection and type 1 diabetes (T1D) as an autoimmune disease.

Methods

The major international databases including PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase were searched for human and animal studies published until November 2020.

Results

After comprehensive search of databases, 29 eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis. We found that all studies used at least one of the autoimmune antibodies including ICA, GADA, IA2A, and IAA to identify the pre-diabetic subjects. According to the results, the estimated odds ratio of the risk of T1D associated with EV was 1.19 (95% CI, 1.10–1.29, I2 = 80.5). Our finding also revealed that there was a positive association between EV positivity and patients with a higher risk of T1D (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.29 to 1.41).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that EV infections can be a major risk factor for T1D and EV positivity is importantly associated with β-cell autoimmunity and a higher risk of T1D.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

    Farid Azizi Jalilian & Razieh Amini

  2. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Abadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran

    Hassan Ghasemi

  3. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

    Atefeh Pegah

  4. Department of Epidemiology, Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

    Salman Khazaei

  5. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

    Hadi Ghasemi

  6. Autophagy Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

    Hadi Ghasemi

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  1. Farid Azizi Jalilian
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Correspondence to Hadi Ghasemi.

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Jalilian, F.A., Ghasemi, H., Pegah, A. et al. The association between enterovirus (EV) infection and the risk of type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 44, 220–227 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-023-01254-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-023-01254-9

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