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DNA repair in tumor radioresistance: insights from fruit flies genetics

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Abstract

Background

Radiation therapy (RT) is a key anti-cancer treatment that involves using ionizing radiation to kill tumor cells. However, this therapy can lead to short- and long-term adverse effects due to radiation exposure of surrounding normal tissue. The type of DNA damage inflicted by radiation therapy determines its effectiveness. High levels of genotoxic damage can lead to cell cycle arrest, senescence, and cell death, but many tumors can cope with this damage by activating protective mechanisms. Intrinsic and acquired radioresistance are major causes of tumor recurrence, and understanding these mechanisms is crucial for cancer therapy. The mechanisms behind radioresistance involve processes like hypoxia response, cell proliferation, DNA repair, apoptosis inhibition, and autophagy.

Conclusion

Here we briefly review the role of genetic and epigenetic factors involved in the modulation of DNA repair and DNA damage response that promote radioresistance. In addition, leveraging our recent results on the effects of low dose rate (LDR) of ionizing radiation on Drosophila melanogaster we discuss how this model organism can be instrumental in the identification of conserved factors involved in the tumor resistance to RT.

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  1. Antonella Porrazzo and Matteo Cassandri contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy

    Antonella Porrazzo, Matteo Cassandri & Rossella Rota

  2. Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, 00161, Rome, Italy

    Antonella Porrazzo, Matteo Cassandri & Francesco Marampon

  3. Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy

    Andrea D’Alessandro & Giovanni Cenci

  4. Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00161, Rome, Italy

    Andrea D’Alessandro & Giovanni Cenci

  5. Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica, Sanità Pubblica, Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Degli Studi dell’Aquila, 67100, L’Aquila, Italy

    Patrizia Morciano

  6. Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), INFN, Assergi, 67100, L’Aquila, Italy

    Patrizia Morciano

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A.P., M.C., wrote part of the main manuscript text and prepared Figure 2 A.D. prepared Figure 1 and Table 1 All authors reviewed the manuscript

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Porrazzo, A., Cassandri, M., D’Alessandro, A. et al. DNA repair in tumor radioresistance: insights from fruit flies genetics. Cell Oncol. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13402-023-00906-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13402-023-00906-6

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