D. Tellez, M. Balkenhol, I. Otte-Holler, R. van de Loo, R. Vogels, P. Bult, C. Wauters, W. Vreuls, S. Mol, N. Karssemeijer, G. Litjens, J. van der Laak, F. Ciompi, Whole-slide mitosis detection in H&E breast histology using PHH3 as a reference to train distilled stain-invariant convolutional networks. Trans. Med. Imaging 28, 2126–2136 (2018)
Article
Google Scholar
O.G.F. Geessink, A. Baidoshvili, J.M. Klaase, B. Ehteshami Bejnordi, G.J.S. Litjens, G.W. van Pelt, W.E. Mesker, I.D. Nagtegaal, F. Ciompi, J.A.W.M. van der Laak, Computer aided quantification of intratumoral stroma yields an independent prognosticator in rectal cancer. Cell. Oncol. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13402-019-00429-z
Z. Guo, H. Liu, H. Ni, X. Wang, M. Su, W. Guo, K. Wang, T. Jiang, Y. Qian, A fast and refined cancer regions segmentation framework in whole-slide breast pathological images. Sci. Rep. 9, 882 (2019)
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
K.D. Voduc, M.C. Cheang, S. Tyldesley, K. Gelmon, T.O. Nielsen, H. Kennecke, Breast cancer subtypes and the risk of local and regional relapse. J. Clin. Oncol. 28, 1684–1691 (2010)
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
W.D. Foulkes, I.E. Smith, J.S. Reis-Filho, Triple-negative breast cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 363, 1938–1948 (2010)
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Registry. Guid. Breast Cancer http://www.oncoline.nl. Accessed 25 May 2018
I.O. Ellis, Programmes NHSCS, Royal College of pathologists, the science C. Pathology reporting of breast disease: A joint document incorporating the third edition of the NHS breast screening programme’s guidelines for pathology reporting in breast cancer screening and the second edition of the Royal College of pathologists’ minimum dataset for breast cancer histopathology. London: NHS Cancer screening Programmes, Royal College of Pathologists, 2016
P.L. Fitzgibbons, College of American Pathologists, Protocol for the Examination of Specimens from Patients with Invasive Carcinoma of the Breast. Version InvasiveBreast 4.0.0.0. Protocol Posting Date: June 2017
H.J.G. Bloom, W.W. Richardson, Histological grading and prognosis in breast cancer: A study of 1409 cases of which 359 have been followed for 15 years. Br. J. Cancer 11, 359–377 (1957)
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
C.W. Elston, I.O. Ellis, Pathological prognostic factors in breast cancer. I. The value of histological grade in breast cancer: Experience from a large study with long-term follow-up. Histopathology. 19, 403–410 (1991)
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
R.A. Leon-Ferre, M.Y. Polley, H. Liu, J.A. Gilbert, V. Cafourek, D.W. Hillman, A. Elkhanany, M. Akinhanmi, J. Lilyquist, A. Thomas, V. Negron, J.C. Boughey, M.C. Liu, J.N. Ingle, K.R. Kalari, F.J. Couch, D.W. Visscher, M.P. Goetz, Impact of histopathology, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and adjuvant chemotherapy on prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 167, 89–99 (2018)
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
S.A.M. Urru, S. Gallus, C. Bosetti, T. Moi, R. Medda, E. Sollai, A. Murgia, F. Sanges, G. Pira, A. Manca, D. Palmas, M. Floris, A.M. Asunis, F. Atzori, C. Carru, M. D'Incalci, M. Ghiani, V. Marras, D. Onnis, M.C. Santona, G. Sarobba, E. Valle, L. Canu, S. Cossu, A. Bulfone, P.C. Rocca, M.R. De Miglio, S. Orrù, Clinical and pathological factors influencing survival in a large cohort of triple-negative breast cancer patients. BMC Cancer 18, 56 (2018)
E. Montagna, P. Maisonneuve, N. Rotmensz, G. Cancello, M. Iorfida, A. Balduzzi, V. Galimberti, P. Veronesi, A. Luini, G. Pruneri, L. Bottiglieri, M.G. Mastropasqua, A. Goldhirsch, G. Viale, M. Colleoni, Heterogeneity of triple-negative breast cancer: Histologic subtyping to inform the outcome. Clin. Breast Cancer 13, 31–39 (2013)
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
F.C. Geyer, F. Pareja, B. Weigelt, E. Rakha, I.O. Ellis, S.J. Schnitt, J.S. Reis-Filho, The spectrum of triple-negative breast disease: High- and low-grade lesions. Am. J. Pathol. 187, 2139–2151 (2017)
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
M.C.A. Balkenhol, W. Vreuls, C.A.P. Wauters, S.J. Mol, J.A.W.M. van der Laak, P. Bult, Histological subtype is an independent prognostic feature of triple negative breast cancer (Submitted)
L.A. Carey, C.M. Perou, C.A. Livasy, L.G. Dressler, D. Cowan, K. Conway, G. Karaca, M.A. Troester, C.K. Tse, S. Edmiston, S.L. Deming, J. Geradts, M.C. Cheang, T.O. Nielsen, P.G. Moorman, H.S. Earp, R.C. Millikan, Race, breast cancer subtypes, and survival in the Carolina breast Cancer study. JAMA. 295, 2492–2502 (2006)
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
L. Zhang, X.I. Wang, S. Zhang, Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte volume is a better predictor of neoadjuvant therapy response and overall survival in triple-negative invasive breast Cancer. Hum. Pathol. 80, 47–54 (2018)
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Y. LeCun, Y. Bengio, G. Hinton, Deep learning. Nature. 521, 436–444 (2015)
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
B.E. Bejnordi, M. Veta, P.J. van Diest, B. van Ginneken, N. Karssemeijer, G. Litjens, J.A.W.M. van der Laak, the CAMELYON16 Consortium, M. Hermsen, Q.F. Manson, M. Balkenhol, O. Geessink, N. Stathonikos, M.C. van Dijk, P. Bult, F. Beca, A.H. Beck, D. Wang, A. Khosla, R. Gargeya, H. Irshad, A. Zhong, Q. Dou, Q. Li, H. Chen, H.J. Lin, P.A. Heng, C. Haß, E. Bruni, Q. Wong, U. Halici, M.Ü. Öner, R. Cetin-Atalay, M. Berseth, V. Khvatkov, A. Vylegzhanin, O. Kraus, M. Shaban, N. Rajpoot, R. Awan, K. Sirinukunwattana, T. Qaiser, Y.W. Tsang, D. Tellez, J. Annuscheit, P. Hufnagl, M. Valkonen, K. Kartasalo, L. Latonen, P. Ruusuvuori, K. Liimatainen, S. Albarqouni, B. Mungal, A. George, S. Demirci, N. Navab, S. Watanabe, S. Seno, Y. Takenaka, H. Matsuda, H.A. Phoulady, V. Kovalev, A. Kalinovsky, V. Liauchuk, G. Bueno, M.M. Fernandez-Carrobles, I. Serrano, O. Deniz, D. Racoceanu, R. Venâncio, Diagnostic assessment of deep learning algorithms for detection of lymph node metastases in women with breast cancer. JAMA 318, 2199–2210 (2017)
Article
Google Scholar
S. Hendry, R. Salgado, T. Gevaert, P.A. Russell, T. John, B. Thapa, M. Christie, K. van de Vijver, M.V. Estrada, P.I. Gonzalez-Ericsson, M. Sanders, B. Solomon, C. Solinas, G.G.G.M. van den Eynden, Y. Allory, M. Preusser, J. Hainfellner, G. Pruneri, A. Vingiani, S. Demaria, F. Symmans, P. Nuciforo, L. Comerma, E.A. Thompson, S. Lakhani, S.R. Kim, S. Schnitt, C. Colpaert, C. Sotiriou, S.J. Scherer, M. Ignatiadis, S. Badve, R.H. Pierce, G. Viale, N. Sirtaine, F. Penault-Llorca, T. Sugie, S. Fineberg, S. Paik, A. Srinivasan, A. Richardson, Y. Wang, E. Chmielik, J. Brock, D.B. Johnson, J. Balko, S. Wienert, V. Bossuyt, S. Michiels, N. Ternes, N. Burchardi, S.J. Luen, P. Savas, F. Klauschen, P.H. Watson, B.H. Nelson, C. Criscitiello, S. O'Toole, D. Larsimont, R. de Wind, G. Curigliano, F. André, M. Lacroix-Triki, M. van de Vijver, F. Rojo, G. Floris, S. Bedri, J. Sparano, D. Rimm, T. Nielsen, Z. Kos, S. Hewitt, B. Singh, G. Farshid, S. Loibl, K.H. Allison, N. Tung, S. Adams, K. Willard-Gallo, H.M. Horlings, L. Gandhi, A. Moreira, F. Hirsch, M.V. Dieci, M. Urbanowicz, I. Brcic, K. Korski, F. Gaire, H. Koeppen, A. Lo, J. Giltnane, M.C. Rebelatto, K.E. Steele, J. Zha, K. Emancipator, J.W. Juco, C. Denkert, J. Reis-Filho, S. Loi, S.B. Fox, Assessing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in solid tumors: A practical review for pathologists and proposal for a standardized method from the international immunooncology biomarkers working group: Part 1: Assessing the host immune response, TILs in invasive breast carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ, metastatic tumor deposits and areas for further research. Adv. Anat. Pathol. 24, 235–251 (2017)
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
S. R. Lakhani, I. O. Ellis, S. J. Schnitt, P. H. Tan, M. J. van de Vijver (eds.), World Health Organization Classification of Tumours. Classification of Tumours of the Breast, 4th edn. (IARC Press, Lyon, 2012)
Google Scholar
L.M. McShane, D.G. Altman, W. Sauerbrei, S.E. Taube, M. Gion, G.M. Clark, Statistics subcommittee of the NCI-EORTC working group on Cancer diagnostics, reporting recommendations for tumor marker prognostic studies (REMARK). J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 97, 1180–1184 (2005)
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
P.M. Bossuyt, J.B. Reitsma, D.E. Bruns, C.A. Gatsonis, P.P. Glasziou, L. Irwig, J.G. Lijmer, D. Moher, D. Rennie, H.C. de Vet, H.Y. Kressel, N. Rifai, R.M. Golub, D.G. Altman, L. Hooft, D.A. Korevaar, J.F. Cohen, STARD group, STARD 2015: An updated list of essential items for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies. BMJ. 351, h5527 (2015)
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Foundation Federation of Dutch Medical Scientific Societies (Federa). Code Of Conduct For Medical Research. 2004. https://www.federa.org/codes-conduct. Accessed 2 May 2018
Foundation Federation of Dutch Medical Scientific Societies (Federa). Human tissue and Medical Research: Code of Conduct for Responsible Use. 2011. https://www.federa.org/codes-conduct. Accessed 2 May 2018
M.J. Hendzel, Y. Wei, M.A. Mancini, A. Van Hooser, T. Ranalli, B.R. Brinkley, D.P. Bazett-Jones, C.D. Allis, Mitosis-specific phosphorylation of histone H3 initiates primarily within pericentromeric heterochromatin during G2 and spreads in an ordered fashion coincident with mitotic chromosome condensation. Chromosoma. 106, 348–360 (1997)
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
P. Bult, P. Manders, H.M.P.M. Straatman, V.C.G. Tjan-Heijnen, L.V.A.M. Beex, J. Hendriks, J.W. Leer, A.L.M. Verbeek, R. Holland, In primary breast cancer the mitotic activity yields similar prognostic information as the histological grade: A study with long-term follow-up. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 122, 77–86 (2010)
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
P. Manders, P. Bult, C.G.J. Sweep, V.C.G. Tjan-Heijnen, L.V.A.M. Beex, The prognostic value of the mitotic activity index in patients with primary breast cancer who were not treated with adjuvant systemic therapy. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 77, 77–84 (2003)
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
J.P. Baak, P.J. van Diest, F.J. Voorhorst, E. van der Wall, L.V. Beex, J.B. Vermorken, E.A. Janssen, Prospective multicenter validation of the independent prognostic value of the mitotic activity index in lymph node-negative breast cancer patients younger than 55 years. J. Clin. Oncol. 23, 5993–6001 (2005)
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
E.A. Rakha, M. Aleskandarani, M.S. Toss, A.R. Green, G. Ball, I.O. Ellis, L.W. Dalton, Breast cancer histologic grading using digital microscopy: Concordance and outcome association. J. Clin. Pathol. 71, 680–686 (2018)
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
T.K. Koo, M.Y. Li, A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research. J Chiropr. Med. 15, 155–163 (2016)
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
F.E. Harrell, K.L. Lee, D.B. Mark, Tutorial in biostatistics: Multivariable prognostic models: Issues in developing models, evaluating assumptions and adequacy, and measuring and reducing errors. Stat. Med. 15, 361–387 (1996)
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
M.J. Pencina, R.B. D’Agostino, L. Song, Quantifying discrimination of Framingham risk functions with different survival C statistics. Stat. Med. 31, 1543–1553 (2012)
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
F. L. Greene, D. L. Page, I. D. Fleming, A. G. Fritz, C. M. Balch, D. G. Haller, M. Morrow (eds.), AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, 6th edn. (Springer, New York, 2002)
Google Scholar
S. B. Edge, D. R. Byrd, C. C. Compton, A. G. Fritz, F. Greene, A. Trotti (eds.), AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, 7th edn. (Springer, New York, 2010)
Google Scholar
H. Mori, M. Kubo, R. Nishimura, T. Osako, N. Arima, Y. Okumura, M. Okido, M. Yamada, M. Kai, J. Kishimoto, T. Miyazaki, Y. Oda, T. Otsuka, M. Nakamura, BRCAness as a biomarker for predicting prognosis and response to anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with triple-negative breast cancer. PLoS One 11, e0167016 (2016)
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
N. Patel, D. Weekes, K. Drosopoulos, P. Gazinska, E. Noel, M. Rashid, H. Mirza, J. Quist, F. Brasó-Maristany, S. Mathew, R. Ferro, A.M. Pereira, C. Prince, F. Noor, E. Francesch-Domenech, R. Marlow, E. de Rinaldis, A. Grigoriadis, S. Linardopoulos, P. Marra, A.N.J. Tutt, Integrated genomics and functional validation identifies malignant cell specific dependencies in triple negative breast cancer. Nat. Commun. 9, 1044 (2018)
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
E.A. Mittendorf, A.V. Philips, F. Meric-Bernstam, N. Qiao, Y. Wu, S. Harrington, X. Su, Y. Wang, A.M. Gonzalez-Angulo, A. Akcakanat, A. Chawla, M. Curran, P. Hwu, P. Sharma, J.K. Litton, J.J. Molldrem, G. Alatrash, PD-L1 expression in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Immunol. Res. 2, 361–370 (2014)
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
N. Vidula, H.S. Rugo, Translating the molecular message of triple-negative breast cancer into targeted therapy. Clin. Cancer Res. 21, 1511–1513 (2015)
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
M. O'Loughlin, X. Andreu, S. Bianchi, E. Chemielik, A. Cordoba, G. Cserni, P. Figueiredo, G. Floris, M.P. Foschini, P. Heikkilä, J. Kulka, I. Liepniece-Karele, P. Regitnig, A. Reiner, A. Ryska, A. Sapino, A. Shalaby, E.S. Stovgaard, C. Quinn, E.M. Walsh, V. Zolota, S.A. Glynn, G. Callagy, Reproducibility and predictive value of scoring stromal tumour infiltrating lymphocytes in triple-negative breast cancer: A multi-institutional study. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 171, 1–9 (2018)
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
B.P. Schneider, E.P. Winer, W.D. Foulkes, J. Garber, C.M. Perou, A. Richardson, G.W. Sledge, L.A. Carey, Triple-negative breast cancer: Risk factors to potential targets. Clin. Cancer Res. 14, 8010–8018 (2008)
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Y. Pan, Y. Yuan, G. Liu, Y. Wei, P53 and Ki-67 as prognostic markers in triple-negative breast cancer patients. PLoS One 12, e0172324 (2017)
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
K. Beelen, M. Opdam, T. Severson, R. Koornstra, A. Vincent, J. Wesseling, J. Sanders, J. Vermorken, P. van Diest, S. Linn, Mitotic count can predict tamoxifen benefit in postmenopausal breast cancer patients while Ki67 score cannot. BMC Cancer 18, 761 (2018)
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
J.M. Chang, A.E. McCullough, A.C. Dueck, H.E. Kosiorek, I.T. Ocal, T.K. Lidner, R.J. Gray, N. Wasif, D.W. Northfelt, K.S. Anderson, B.A. Pockaj, Back to basics: Traditional Nottingham grade mitotic counts alone are significant in predicting survival in invasive breast carcinoma. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 22(Suppl 3), S509–S515 (2015)
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
P. Kronqvist, T. Kuopio, Y. Collan, Morphometric grading in breast cancer: Thresholds for mitotic counts. Hum. Pathol. 29, 1462–1468 (1998)
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
P. Kronqvist, T. Kuopio, Y. Collan, Quantitative thresholds for mitotic counts in histologic grading: Confirmation in nonfrozen samples of invasive ductal breast cancer. Ann. Diagn. Pathol. 4, 65–70 (2000)
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
P. Boiesen, P.O. Bendahl, L. Anagnostaki, H. Domanski, E. Holm, I. Idvall, S. Johansson, O. Ljungberg, A. Ringberg, G. Ostberg, M. Fernö, Histologic grading in breast cancer: Reproducibility between seven pathologic departments. South Sweden breast Cancer group. Acta Oncol. 39, 41–45 (2000)
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
H.F. Frierson, R.A. Wolber, K.W. Berean, D.W. Franquemont, M.J. Gaffey, J.C. Boyd, D.C. Wilbur, Interobserver reproducibility of the Nottingham modification of the Bloom and Richardson histologic grading scheme for infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 103, 195–198 (1995)
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
E. Bergers, I. Jannink, P. van Diest, M.A. Cuesta, S. Meyer, J.C. van Mourik, J.P. Baak, The influence of fixation delay on mitotic activity and flow cytometric cell cycle variables. Hum. Pathol. 28, 95–100 (1997)
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
M. Veta, P.J. van Diest, M. Jiwa, S. Al-Janabi, J.P. Pluim, Mitosis counting in breast cancer: Object-level interobserver agreement and comparison to an automatic method. PLoS One 11, e0161286 (2016)
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
D.F. Steiner, R. MacDonald, Y. Liu, P. Truszkowski, J.D. Hipp, C. Gammage, F. Thng, L. Peng, M.C. Stumpe, Impact of deep learning assistance on the histopathologic review of lymph nodes for metastatic breast cancer. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 42, 1636–1646 (2018)
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar