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Alkaline hydrothermal treatment of gentamycin mycelial residues: characteristics of disintegration, solid-state fermentation, and antibiotic resistance genes reduction

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to promote the decomposition of gentamicin mycelial residues (GMRs) and removal of antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs) by alkaline hydrothermal treatment (AHT). The treated GMRs were also inoculated with fungi and converted into protein feed by solid-state fermentation (SSF). The conditions of AHT were reaction temperature (140–200 °C), residence time (0–60 min), and NaOH concentration (0–0.6 M). The effects of AHT on GMR organic release and ARGs, as well as on SSF of Candida utilis and Geotrichum candidum, were explored. The results showed that AHT under different conditions significantly reduced the particle size of the GMRs and promoted the release and solubilization of organic matter. However, both C. utilis CFU and G. candidum CFU kept decreasing as the reaction temperature increased. This was attributed to the fact that higher treatment temperatures resulted in the deterioration of nutrients and production of many non-biodegradable substances, which inhibited SSF of GMRs. Extended residence time is more conducive to promoting the release and hydrolysis of polysaccharides from GMRs, which is more suitable for C. utilis SSF. Increasing the concentration of NaOH can promote the release of more proteins in the GMRs, which can better satisfy the demand for high protein concentration in the fermentation matrix of G. candidum. In addition, AHT was able to reduce the abundance of most ARGs by untargeted disruption of gene structure, but it was difficult to remove plasmid gene IncN. High temperature, long residence time, and high NaOH concentration (> 0.4 M) are more favorable for the removal of ARGs. Considering the efficiency of SSF and the removal of ARGs, GMRs’ optimal treatment temperature of AHT was 140 °C. In addition, long residence time is suitable for C. utilis SSF of GMRs and high NaOH concentration is suitable for G. candidum SSF.

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Acknowledgements

The best sincere thanks are given to Tianjin Key laboratory of Biomass Wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, and Interdisciplinary Innovation Lab for Environment and Energy, Tianjin University of Commerce, for their generous help.

Funding

This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD1601104) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52370147).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92#, 300072 Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China

    Guanyi Chen, Teng Zhou, Yingjin Song, Beibei Yan & Legeng Pei

  2. Interdisciplinary Innovation Lab for Environment & Energy, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China

    Guanyi Chen, Lan Mu & Junyu Tao

  3. Double Carbon Research Institute, Tianjin, 300350, China

    Guanyi Chen

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  1. Guanyi Chen
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Contributions

Guanyi Chen: supervision, project administration, writing—review and editing. Teng Zhou: investigation, conceptualization, validation, writing—original draft, visualization. Yingjin Song: writing—review and editing, supervision, project administration. Beibei Yan: writing—review and editing. Lan Mu: writing—review and editing. Junyu Tao: writing—review and editing. Legeng Pei: writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Yingjin Song.

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Chen, G., Zhou, T., Song, Y. et al. Alkaline hydrothermal treatment of gentamycin mycelial residues: characteristics of disintegration, solid-state fermentation, and antibiotic resistance genes reduction. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-024-05568-4

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