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Eco-friendly synthesis of ZnO nanomaterial from green tea extract: photocatalytic, antibacterial and antioxidant potential

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Abstract

In this study, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterial was synthesized from green tea (Camellia sinensis) aqueous extract as an eco-friendly alternative route. Nanostructured ZnO was characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), which confirmed the formation of ZnO hexagonal crystalline structure. The size and morphology of ZnO were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and dynamic light scattering (DLS), which revealed spherical morphology with a particle size of around 215 nm. The results suggest that the chelation and stabilization properties of the polyphenols present in the green tea extract play a role in forming the ZnO nanomaterial. The photocatalytic evaluation showed that methylene blue (MB) dye was effectively degraded by about 98% under UV light in the presence of ZnO NPs. Furthermore, excellent antibacterial activity was shown against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and significant antioxidant activity was exhibited through 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) free radical scavenging. These characteristics are promising, implying that ZnO synthesized from green tea leaf extract can be an ecological alternative route to chemical methods and potential candidates for applications in nanomedicine, food preservation, and photocatalysis.

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The authors declare that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the paper.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) Brazil — grant numbers [E-26/204.254/2021; E-26/204.255/2021; and E-26/200.891/2021]; the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Brazil — grant numbers [13119/2020–1; 309461/2021–9; 140873/2021–0; 402215/2022–2 and 200468/2022–7]; and the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Brazil — grant numbers [88887.518753/2020–00; and 88887.518752/2020–00].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Analytical and Molecular Laboratorial Center (CLAn), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil

    Italo Rennan Sousa Vieira, Bruno Dutra da Silva, Luiz Torres Neto, Leticia Tessaro & Carlos Adam Conte-Junior

  2. Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-598, Brazil

    Italo Rennan Sousa Vieira, Bruno Dutra da Silva, Luiz Torres Neto, Leticia Tessaro & Carlos Adam Conte-Junior

  3. Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil

    Italo Rennan Sousa Vieira, Bruno Dutra da Silva, Luiz Torres Neto, Leticia Tessaro & Carlos Adam Conte-Junior

  4. Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), São Francisco Xavier, 524, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-900, Brazil

    Arianne Aparecida da Silva, Cristina Russi Guimarães Furtado, Ana Maria Furtado de Sousa & Nakédia M. F. Carvalho

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  1. Italo Rennan Sousa Vieira
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Contributions

Italo Rennan Sousa Vieira: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Data Curation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Project administration. Arianne Aparecida da Silva, Bruno Dutra da Silva, Luiz Torres Neto, Leticia Tessaro: Methodology, Writing—review & editing. Cristina Russi Guimarães Furtado, Ana Maria Furtado de Sousa, Nakédia M. F. Carvalho: Writing—review & editing, Supervision. Carlos Adam Conte-Junior: Writing—review & editing, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Italo Rennan Sousa Vieira.

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Vieira, I.R.S., da Silva, A.A., da Silva, B.D. et al. Eco-friendly synthesis of ZnO nanomaterial from green tea extract: photocatalytic, antibacterial and antioxidant potential. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04456-7

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