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Enhancing enzymatic hydrolysis of industrial hemp hurds (Cannabis sativa L.) by combination of soaking in dilute acid and steam pretreatment

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Abstract

The goal of this study was to develop an operational pretreatment for effective modifications of physico-chemical properties of industrial hemp hurds (IHH) to improve hemicelluloses solubilization and enzymatic hydrolysis extent of potentially fermentable sugars. The pretreatment consisted firstly in soaking in dilute H2SO4 solution, at concentrations ranged from 0.4 to 5% (w/w) and secondly in thermomechanical treatment, termed as IV-HMT (Intensive Vacuum associated to Heat Moisture Treatment) that works at moderate saturated steam conditions (0.7 MPa for 30 min) corresponding to combined severity factor (CS) from-1.02 to 1.4. The pretreatment efficiency was investigated according to changes in chemical composition, microstructure of IHH (ABET surface area, SEM, crystallinity by XRD, FTIR) and enzymatic hydrolysis yield. FTIR analysis showed that the structure linkages between lignin and carbohydrates were changed, as indicated by the reduction in peak bonds intensities ranged from 1510 to 1242 cm−1 and confirmed from chemical analysis by a maximum of 70.3% lignin removal. The specific surface area exhibited progressive increase with CS, reaching up 2.3 times that of raw IHH (0.9 m2/g). Due to extractives removal, crystallinity index (CI) increased from 15 (raw) to 25% for acid-free IV-HMT and then decreased in presence of H2SO4 consequently to transition from crystalline to amorphous structure. Maximum xylose and glucose production were obtained at low acid concentration (0.6%) combined with IV-HMT, with overall reducing sugars of 96.3%. The maximum production of inhibitors was obtained for 2% H2SO4 and corresponded to 0.022 g/L and 0.48 g/L for furfural and HMF respectively.

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Data availability

All relevant data are supplied within the manuscript.

Abbreviations

ABET :

Specific surface area determiner by BET method (Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller)

AL :

Acid loading (g/kg DM)

CI :

Crystallinity index (%)

CS :

Combined severity factor

DM :

Dry material basis (%)

DNS :

3,5-Dinitrosalicylic acid

FTIR :

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

HMF :

Hydroxymethyl furfural

IHH :

Industrial hemp hurds

IV-AF :

Raw material treated by IV-HMT without acid impregnation

IV-AI-X :

Raw material treated by IV-HMT after impregnation in acid solution at concentration X

IV-HMT :

Intensive vacuum-heat moisture treatment

NREL :

National Renewable Energy Laboratory

ORS :

Overall reducing sugar (%)

SD :

Standard deviation

SEM :

Scanning electron microscopy

XRD :

X-ray diffraction

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Funding

The study was performed through “Partenariat Hubert Curien (PHC)” proposal and Toubkal project. Grant number: Toubkal/15/13-Campus France: 32486SD.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. LAboratoire des Sciences de l’Ingénieur pour L’Environnement, LaSIE, UMR CNRS 7356, Université de La Rochelle, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042, La Rochelle, France

    Zoulikha Maache-Rezzoug, Imane Semhaoui, Armelle Nouviaire & Sid-Ahmed Rezzoug

  2. Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée, Research team : Procédés pour l’Energie et l’Environnement, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fes, Morocco

    Imane Semhaoui & Ikbal Zarguili

  3. Equipe Approches Moléculaires Environnement-Santé, UMR CNRS 7266, LIENSs, Université de La Rochelle, La Rochelle, France

    Thierry Maugard & Jean-Michel Qiuyu Zhao

  4. Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies Research Unit 1268 (BIA), INRAE, Rue de La Géraudière, 44316, Nantes, France

    Bruno Pontoire

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  1. Zoulikha Maache-Rezzoug
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Contributions

MRZ, MT, ZI, and RSA conceived and designed research. MRZ, RSA, and SI conducted experiments. SI, NA, ZJMQ, and BP conducted analysis and participated in interpreting the data. MRZ and RSA drafted and revised the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Sid-Ahmed Rezzoug.

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Maache-Rezzoug, Z., Semhaoui, I., Maugard, T. et al. Enhancing enzymatic hydrolysis of industrial hemp hurds (Cannabis sativa L.) by combination of soaking in dilute acid and steam pretreatment. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04392-6

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