Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Synthesis, characterization, cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial studies of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using red seaweed Champia parvula

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Phytochemical substances in seaweeds have a wide range of pharmacological properties and are involved in a unique eco-friendly technique to produce stable, less harmful metal nanoparticles. The antioxidant-rich phytochemical elements in red seaweed Champia parvula extract have garnered attention for their potential functions in the prevention of human diseases. This research explores the phytoconstituent contents of C. parvula aqueous extract as well as its ability to synthesize silver nanoparticles, and its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties are investigated. The seaweed extract was analyzed for total phenols (2.02 ± 0.11 mg/g), flavonoids (1.72 ± 0.05 mg/g), tannins (1.55 ± mg/g), anthocyanin (0.79 ± 0.21 mg/g), and total chlorophyll (0.7 ± 0.04 mg/g) contents. The biosynthesized C. parvula-mediated silver nanoparticles (Cp-AgNPs) were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. The surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) band of Cp-AgNPs was observed at 425 nm using UV spectroscopy. The face-centered cubic (FCC) and crystalline structure were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the morphology of Cp-AgNPs as round in shape with 79 nm size. The biomolecules in the algae extract and Cp-AgNPs were identified with the help of FT-IR analysis, which confirms the presence of phenolic, proteins and amine compounds. Zeta potential analysis proved that the biosynthesized Cp-AgNPs were extremely stable due to the surface charge of nanoparticles (− 35.2 mV). The Cp-AgNPs showed greater free radical scavenging ability due to the presence of bioactive molecules such as phenols, flavonoids, tannins, and anthocyanin in algae extract. Cp-AgNPs exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans at 100 μg/mL. Furthermore, Cp-AgNPs demonstrated anticancer activity against human lung (A549) cancer and colon (HT-29) cancer cells. The half-maximal inhibitory for lung cancer was found at 21.54 μg/mL, and for colon cancer it was found at 42.36 μg/mL. These findings confirmed that the synthesized Cp-AgNPs have a wide range of pharmacological activities and might be used as target drug carriers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.

References

  1. Almalki MA, Khalifa AY (2020) Silver nanoparticles synthesis from Bacillus sp KFU36 and its anticancer effect in breast cancer MCF-7 cells via induction of apoptotic mechanism. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol 204:111786. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111786

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Hamouda RA, Hussein MH, Abo-Elmagd RA, Bawazir SS (2019) Synthesis and biological characterization of silver nanoparticles derived from the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria limnetica. Sci Rep 9(1):1–17. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49444-y

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Mussin J, Robles-Botero V, Casañas-Pimentel R, Rojas F, Angiolella L, Martín-Martínez S, Giusiano G (2021) Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of green synthesis silver nanoparticles targeting skin and soft tissue infectious agents. Sci Rep 11(1):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94012-y

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Alsubki R, Tabassum H, Abudawood M, Rabaan AA, Alsobaie SF, Ansar S (2021) Green synthesis, characterization, enhanced functionality and biological evaluation of silver nanoparticles based on Coriander sativum. Saudi J Biol Sci 28(4):2102–2108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.12.055

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Pallavi SS, Rudayni HA, Bepari A, Niazi SK, Nayaka S (2022) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Streptomyces hirsutus strain SNPGA-8 and their characterization, antimicrobial activity, and anticancer activity against human lung carcinoma cell line A549. Saudi J Biol Sci 29(1):228–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.084

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Wei L, Lu J, Xu H, Patel A, Chen ZS, Chen G (2015) Silver nanoparticles: synthesis, properties, and therapeutic applications. Drug Discov Today 20(5):595–601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2014.11.014

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Ghannam A, Murad H, Jazzara M, Odeh A, Allaf AW (2018) Isolation, structural characterization, and antiproliferative activity of phycocolloids from the red seaweed Laurencia papillosa on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Int J Biol Macromol 108:916–926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.001

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Balaraman P, Balasubramanian B, Kaliannan D, Durai M, Kamyab H, Park S, Chelliapan S, Lee CT, Maluventhen V, Maruthupandian A (2020) Phyco-synthesis of silver nanoparticles mediated from marine algae Sargassum myriocystum and its potential biological and environmental applications. Waste Biomass Valorization 11(10):5255–5271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-020-01083-5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Fawcett D, Verduin JJ, Shah M, Sharma SB, Poinern GEJ (2017) A review of current research into the biogenic synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles via marine algae and seagrasses. J Nanosci 2017:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8013850

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Khalifa SA, Elias N, Farag MA, Chen L, Saeed A, Hegazy MEF, Moustafa MS, Abd El-Wahed A, Al-Mousawi SM, Musharraf SG, Chang FR (2019) Marine natural products: a source of novel anticancer drugs. Mar Drugs 17(9):491. https://doi.org/10.3390/md17090491

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Santhanam, R., Santhanam, R. and Suleria, H., 2018. Biology and Ecology of Pharmaceutical Marine Plants (1st ed). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351187114

  12. Yogarajalakshmi P, Poonguzhali TV, Ganesan R, Karthi S, Senthil-Nathan S, Krutmuang P, Radhakrishnan N, Mohammad F, Kim TJ, Vasantha-Srinivasan P (2020) Toxicological screening of marine red algae Champia parvula (C. Agardh) against the dengue mosquito vector Aedes aegypti (Linn.) and its non-toxicity against three beneficial aquatic predators. Aquat Toxicol 222:105474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105474

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Viswanathan S, Palaniyandi T, Kannaki P, Shanmugam R, Baskar G, Rahaman AM, Paul LTD, Rajendran BK, Sivaji A (2022) Biogenic synthesis of gold nanoparticles using red seaweed Champia parvula and its anti-oxidant and anticarcinogenic activity on lung cancer. Part Sci Technol 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/02726351.2022.2074926

  14. Sandhiya V, Thirunavukkarasu P, Gomathy B, Sridhar M, Rajeshkumar S, Ravi M, Asha S (2021) Agnp-Hp synthesized using red marine algae Halymenia pseudofloresii and its pharmacological activities. Ann Rom Soci for Cell Biol 25(6):19433–19450. https://annalsofrscb.ro/index.php/journal/article/view/9758

    Google Scholar 

  15. Tavakol S, Hoveizi E, Kharrazi S, Tavakol B, Karimi S, Rezayat Sorkhabadi SM (2017) Organelles and chromatin fragmentation of human umbilical vein endothelial cell influence by the effects of zeta potential and size of silver nanoparticles in different manners. Artif Cells, Nanomed, Biotechnol 45(4):817–823. https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2016.1178132

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Chang CC, Yang MH, Wen HM, Chern JC (2002) Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. J Food Drug Anal 10(3):178–182. https://doi.org/10.38212/2224-6614.2748

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Julkunen-Tiitto R (1985) Phenolic constituents in the leaves of northern willows: methods for the analysis of certain phenolics. J Agric Food Chem 33(2):213–217. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00062a013

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Ling ALM, Yasir S, Matanjun P, Abu Bakar MF (2015) Effect of different drying techniques on the phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of Kappaphycus alvarezii. J Appl Phycol 27(4):1717–1723. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-014-0467-3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. El-Din SMM, El-Ahwany AM (2016) Bioactivity and phytochemical constituents of marine red seaweeds (Jania rubens, Corallina mediterranea and Pterocladia capillacea). J Taibah Univ Sci 10(4):471–484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtusci.2015.06.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Trivedi S, Alshehri MA, Panneerselvam C, Al-Aoh HA, Maggi F, Sut S, Dall’Acqua S (2021) Insecticidal, antibacterial and dye adsorbent properties of Sargassum muticum decorated nano-silver particles. S Afr J Bot 139:432–441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2021.03.002

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Sandhiya V, Gomathy B, Sivasankaran MR, Thirunavukkarasu P, Mugip Rahaman A, Asha S (2021) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from guava (Psidium guajava Linn.) leaf for antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity on HT-29 cells (Colon cancer). Ann Romanian Soc for Cell Biol 25(6):20148–20163. https://www.annalsofrscb.ro/index.php/journal/article/view/10001

    Google Scholar 

  22. Hulikere MM, Joshi CG (2019) Characterization, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized using marine endophytic fungus-Cladosporium cladosporioides. Process Biochem 82:199–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2019.04.011

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Viswanathan S, Palaniyandi T, Shanmugam R, Rajendran BK, Sivaji A (2022) Biomedical potential of silver nanoparticles capped with active ingredients of Hypnea valentiae, red algae species. Part Sci Technol 40(6):686–696. https://doi.org/10.1080/02726351.2021.1992059

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Vinoth Kumar R, Murugesan S, Bhuvaneswari S (2015) Phytochemical analysis of red alga Champia parvula (C. Agardh) collected from Mandapam coast of Tamil Nadu, India. Int J Adv Pharm 4(3):15–20. https://doi.org/10.7439/ijap.v4i3.2352

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Makarov VV, Love AJ, Sinitsyna OV, Makarova SS, Yaminsky IV, Taliansky ME, Kalinina NO (2014) “Green” nanotechnologies: synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plants. Acta Naturae (англоязычная версия) 6(1 (20)):35–44 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3999464/

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. de Aragao AP, de Oliveira TM, Quelemes PV, Perfeito MLG, Araujo MC, Santiago JDAS, Cardoso VS, Quaresma P, de Almeida JRDS, da Silva DA (2019) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the seaweed Gracilaria birdiae and their antibacterial activity. Arab J Chem 12(8):4182–4188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.04.014

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Ghareeb RY, Shams El-Din NGED, Maghraby DME, Ibrahim DS, Abdel-Megeed A, Abdelsalam NR (2022) Nematicidal activity of seaweed-synthesized silver nanoparticles and extracts against Meloidogyne incognita on tomato plants. Sci Rep 12(1):1–16. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-06600-1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Dixit D, Gangadharan D, Popat KM, Reddy CRK, Trivedi M, Gadhavi DK (2018) Synthesis, characterization and application of green seaweed mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as antibacterial agents for water disinfection. Water Sci Technol 78(1):235–246. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.292

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Yousefzadi M, Rahimi Z, Ghafori V (2014) The green synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activities of silver nanoparticles synthesized from green alga Enteromorpha flexuosa (wulfen). J Agardh Mater Lett 137:1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2014.08.110

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Rajeshkumar S, Bharath LV (2017) Mechanism of plant-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles–a review on biomolecules involved, characterisation and antibacterial activity. Chem Biol Interact 273:219–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2017.06.019

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Ahmad S, Munir S, Zeb N, Ullah A, Khan B, Ali J, Bilal M, Omer M, Alamzeb M, Salman SM, Ali S (2019) Green nanotechnology: a review on green synthesis of silver nanoparticles—an ecofriendly approach. Int J Nanomed 14:5087. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S200254

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. El-Rafie HM, El-Rafie M, Zahran MK (2013) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using polysaccharides extracted from marine macro algae. Carbohydr Polym 96(2):403–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.03.071

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Massironi A, Morelli A, Grassi L, Puppi D, Braccini S, Maisetta G, Esin S, Batoni G, Della Pina C, Chiellini F (2019) Ulvan as novel reducing and stabilizing agent from renewable algal biomass: application to green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Carbohydr Polym 203:310–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.09.066

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Negm MA, Ibrahim HA, Shaltout NA, Shawky HA, Abdel-Mottaleb MS, Hamdona SK (2018) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using marine algae extract and their antibacterial activity. Sciences 8(03):957–970. https://www.academia.edu/download/84247596/957-970.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  35. Dubau L, Lopez-Haro M, Castanheira L, Durst J, Chatenet M, Bayle-Guillemaud P, Guétaz L, Caqué N, Rossinot E, Maillard F (2013) Probing the structure, the composition and the ORR activity of Pt3Co/C nanocrystallites during a 3422 h PEMFC ageing test. Appl Catal B Environ 142:801–808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2013.06.011

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Abdi V, Sourinejad I, Yousefzadi M, Ghasemi Z (2018) Mangrove-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles using native Avicennia marina plant extract from southern Iran. Chem Eng Commun 205(8):1069–1076. https://doi.org/10.1080/00986445.2018.1431624

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Bhuyar P, Rahim MHA, Sundararaju S, Ramaraj R, Maniam GP, Govindan N (2020) Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using marine macroalgae Padina sp. and its antibacterial activity towards pathogenic bacteria. Beni-Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci 9(1):1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43088-019-0031-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Kedi PBE, Meva FEA, Kotsedi L, Nguemfo EL, Zangueu CB, Ntoumba AA, Mohamed HEA, Dongmo AB, Maaza M (2018) Eco-friendly synthesis, characterization, in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of silver nanoparticle-mediated Selaginella myosurus aqueous extract. Int J Nanomed 13:8537. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S174530

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Balaji DS, Basavaraja S, Deshpande R, Mahesh DB, Prabhakar BK, Venkataraman A (2009) Extracellular biosynthesis of functionalized silver nanoparticles by strains of Cladosporium cladosporioides fungus. Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces 68(1):88–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2008.09.022

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Arunkumar K, Sivakumar SR, Rengasamy R (2010) Review on bioactive potential in seaweeds (marine macroalgae): a special emphasis on bioactivity of seaweeds against plant pathogens. Asian J Plant Sci 9(5):227–242. https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=DJ2012059858

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Fatima R, Priya M, Indurthi L, Radhakrishnan V, Sudhakaran R (2020) Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using red algae Portieria hornemannii and its antibacterial activity against fish pathogens. Microb Pathog 138:103780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103780

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Liguori I, Russo G, Curcio F, Bulli G, Aran L, Della-Morte D, Gargiulo G, Testa G, Cacciatore F, Bonaduce D, Abete P (2018) Oxidative stress, aging, and diseases. Clin Interv Aging 13:757

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  43. Bhakya S, Muthukrishnan S, Sukumaran M, Muthukumar M (2016) Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Appl Nanosci 6(5):755–766. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-015-0473-z

    Article  CAS  ADS  Google Scholar 

  44. Palanisamy S, Rajasekar P, Vijayaprasath G, Ravi G, Manikandan R, Prabhu NM (2017) A green route to synthesis silver nanoparticles using Sargassum polycystum and its antioxidant and cytotoxic effects: an in vitro analysis. Mater Lett 189:196–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2016.12.005

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Govindan, P., Murugan, M., Pitchaikani, S., Venkatachalam, P., Gopalakrishnan, A.V., Kandasamy, S. and Shakila, H., 2021. Synthesis and characterization of bioactive silver nanoparticles from red marine macroalgae Chondrococcus hornemannii. Materials Today: Proceedings.pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.02.497

  46. Yang EJ, Kim S, Kim JS, Choi IH (2012) Inflammasome formation and IL-1β release by human blood monocytes in response to silver nanoparticles. Biomaterials 33(28):6858–6867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.06.016

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Gnanakani PE, Santhanam P, Premkumar K, Kumar KE, Dhanaraju MD (2019) Nannochloropsis extract–mediated synthesis of biogenic silver nanoparticles, characterization and in vitro assessment of antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev: apjcp 20(8):2353

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  48. Govindappa M, Hemashekhar B, Arthikala MK, Rai VR, Ramachandra YL (2018) Characterization, antibacterial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antityrosinase activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Calophyllum tomentosum leaves extract. Results in Phys 9:400–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2018.02.049

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  49. Shahidi F, Zhong Y (2015) Measurement of antioxidant activity. J Funct Foods 18:757–781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2015.01.047

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Mahendiran D, Subash G, Arumai Selvan D, Rehana D, Senthil Kumar R, Kalilur Rahiman A (2017) Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using plant extracts of Aloe vera and Hibiscus sabdariffa: phytochemical, antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-proliferative studies. BioNanoSci 7(3):530–545. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-017-0418-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Kavaz D, Huzaifa UMAR, ZİMUTO, T. (2019) Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using Scytosiphon lomentaria (brown algae) and Spyridia filamentosa (red algae) from Kyrenia region and evaluation of their antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry 47(4):367–382. https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.518593

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Vivek M, Kumar PS, Steffi S, Sudha S (2011) Biogenic silver nanoparticles by Gelidiella acerosa extract and their antifungal effects. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 3(3):143. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3558184/

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  53. Kathiraven T, Sundaramanickam A, Shanmugam N, Balasubramanian T (2015) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using marine algae Caulerpa racemosa and their antibacterial activity against some human pathogens. Appl Nanosci 5(4):499–504. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-014-0341-2

    Article  CAS  ADS  Google Scholar 

  54. Murugesan S, Bhuvaneswari SUNDARESAN, Sivamurugan V (2017) Green synthesis, characterization of silver nanoparticles of a marine red alga Spyridia fusiformis and their antibacterial activity. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 9(5):192–197. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i5.17105

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Ratan ZA, Haidere MF, Nurunnabi MD, Shahriar SM, Ahammad AS, Shim YY, Reaney MJ, Cho JY (2020) Green chemistry synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their potential anticancer effects. Cancers 12(4):855. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/4/855/pdf?version=1587012054

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  56. Tian S, Saravanan K, Mothana RA, Ramachandran G, Rajivgandhi G, Manoharan N (2020) Anti-cancer activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using Avicennia marina against A549 lung cancer cells through ROS/mitochondrial damages. Saudi J Biol Sci 27(11):3018–3024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.08.029

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  57. Dadashpour M, Firouzi-Amandi A, Pourhassan-Moghaddam M, Maleki MJ, Soozangar N, Jeddi F, Nouri M, Zarghami N, Pilehvar-Soltanahmadi Y (2018) Biomimetic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Matricaria chamomilla extract and their potential anticancer activity against human lung cancer cells. Mater Sci Eng C 92:902–912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2018.07.053

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Mmola M, Roes-Hill ML, Durrell K, Bolton JJ, Sibuyi N, Meyer ME, Beukes DR, Antunes E (2016) Enhanced antimicrobial and anticancer activity of silver and gold nanoparticles synthesised using Sargassum incisifolium aqueous extracts. Molecules 21(12):1633. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21121633

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge Er. A.C.S. Arun Kumar, President, Dr. M.G.R Educational and Research Institute University for providing the necessary facilities, and we would like to thank Nano Biomedicine Laboratory, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University(SIMATS) for providing the laboratory facilities.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Deemed to be University, -600 095, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    Sandhiya Viswanathan, Thirunavukkarasu Palaniyandi, Suganya Karunakaran, Mugip Rahaman Abdul Wahab & Gomathy Baskar

  2. Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    Thirunavukkarasu Palaniyandi

  3. Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, SIMATS, -600 077, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    Rajeshkumar Shanmugam

  4. Department of Fisheries Science, Alagappa University, -630003, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India

    Marimuthu Pandi

  5. Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA

    Barani Kumar Rajendran

  6. Department of Biochemistry, DKM College for Women, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India

    Asha Sivaji

  7. Centre for Ocean Research, Dr. Jeppiaar Research Park, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    Meivelu Moovendhan

Authors
  1. Sandhiya Viswanathan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Thirunavukkarasu Palaniyandi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Rajeshkumar Shanmugam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Suganya Karunakaran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Marimuthu Pandi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Mugip Rahaman Abdul Wahab
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Gomathy Baskar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Barani Kumar Rajendran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Asha Sivaji
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Meivelu Moovendhan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Conceptualization: Thirunavukkarasu Palaniyandi; methodology: Sandhiya Viswanathan, Marimuthu Pandi, and Suganya Karunakaran; formal analysis and investigation: Mugip Rahaman A, Gomathy Baskar, and Asha Sivaji; writing (original draft preparation): Sandhiya Viswanathan; writing (review and editing): Thirunavukkarasu Palaniyandi, Marimuthu Pandi, and Barani Kumar Rajendran; supervision: Rajeshkumar Shanmugam and Meivelu Moovendhan.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Thirunavukkarasu Palaniyandi.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors declare they have no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Viswanathan, S., Palaniyandi, T., Shanmugam, R. et al. Synthesis, characterization, cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial studies of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using red seaweed Champia parvula. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 14, 7387–7400 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-03775-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-03775-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation