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Recent developments in synthesizing biolubricants — a review

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Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Biolubricants are bio-based compounds that represent a renewable and biodegradable alternative to petroleum-based lubricants. Although biolubricant applications appear promising, their commercial deployment is still limited. Research in the field of biolubricants is continuously developing to improve their properties as well as their production processes, with the aim of overcoming the current limitations and enhance large-scale application. This review paper aims at reviewing the most recent developments in the ever-evolving field of biolubricant synthesis, focusing on novel feedstocks and catalysts, as well as new chemical modification routes and additive components that aim at further improving their sustainability. Moreover, to bridge the gap between small-scale synthesis and industrial realization, techno-economic and life cycle studies aiming at assessing the feasibility of large-scale biolubricant production are also reviewed. Finally, some considerations and future prospects are discussed based on the key findings of the analysis, which revealed that, while considerable effort is being made to improve the properties and the sustainability of biolubricants, significant work has yet to be done in terms of design and optimization of an industrial-scale process.

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Abbreviations

2EH:

2-Ethylhexyl

API:

American Petroleum Institute

CNC:

Cellulose nanocrystals

FFAs:

Free fatty acids

HTHS:

High temperature–high shear viscosity

IA:

Isostearic acid

ILs:

Ionic liquids

LCA:

Life cycle assessment

MoDTC:

Molybdenum dithiocarbamate

NHC:

N-heterocyclic carbene

NP:

Nanoparticles

NPG:

Neopentyl glycol

PAO:

Polyalphaolefin

SAE:

Society of Automotive Engineers

TEA:

Techno-economic analysis

TMP:

Trimethylolpropane

TON:

Turnover number

VPC:

Vertical pulsed column

WCO :

Waste cooking oil

ZDDP:

Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate

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Acknowledgements

The authors greatly appreciated the financial support from the Bioprocessing and Bioengineering program (grant no. 2019-67022-29947/project accession no. 1019914) from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC., a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International, Inc., for the US Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525.

Funding

The study was supported by Bioprocessing and Bioengineering program (grant no. 2019-67022-29947/project accession no. 1019914) from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131, Padua, Italy

    Elena Barbera

  2. Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA

    Kyoko Hirayama & Sandeep Kumar

  3. Advanced Fuels Center, Montana State University-Northern, 300 West 11th Street, Havre, MT, 59501, USA

    Randy L. Maglinao

  4. Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA

    Ryan W. Davis

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  1. Elena Barbera
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  2. Kyoko Hirayama
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  3. Randy L. Maglinao
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  4. Ryan W. Davis
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  5. Sandeep Kumar
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception. Elena Barbera, Kyoko Hirayama, and Randy Maglinao performed the literature search and data analysis, and drafted the manuscript. Ryan Davis critically revised the work. Sandeep Kumar supervised and critically revised the work.

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Correspondence to Sandeep Kumar.

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Barbera, E., Hirayama, K., Maglinao, R.L. et al. Recent developments in synthesizing biolubricants — a review. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 14, 2867–2887 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-02438-9

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