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Biomass to biofuel densification of coconut fibers: kinetic triplet and thermodynamic evaluation

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Abstract

This paper aims to investigate coconut fiber’s thermal behavior and evaluate its potential energy production through kinetic and thermodynamic studies, as well as the potential to produce solid biofuels (briquettes). Structural chemical analysis, proximate analysis, and higher heating value characterized coconut fiber. The thermogravimetric experiments were carried out in an inert atmosphere (N2), varying the heating rates at 5, 10, 15, and 20 K min−1. The kinetic triplet was determined using isoconversional methods and master plot methodology. The pre-exponential factor, enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy parameters were calculated. The briquettes were made by different particle sizes: mixed particles (without granulometric classification); particles between 0.35 mm and 0.25 mm, and particles lower than 0.25 mm. The coconut fiber briquettes were produced in a compaction system at a temperature of 393.15 K under 15 MPa pressure for 20 min. This study also determined the apparent density, the resistance to diametral compression, and the energy density for coconut fiber briquettes. The pyrolysis reaction was modeled considering the reaction mechanism of as the three-dimensional Jader equation, with global activation energy 129.8 kJ mol−1 and global pre-exponential factor 2.68 × 107 s−1. The enthalpy and entropy values have shown considerable variations due to the conversion, suggesting that the pyrolysis of coconut fiber involves complex reaction mechanisms. The briquetting process enhanced the coconut fibers, and the results have shown that the lower particle size (particles ≤ 0.25 mm) presented better physical–mechanical properties and energy density. It is concluded that coconut fiber has the potential to be turned into biofuels from the thermochemical processes and may be enhanced by the densification process.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are openly available on request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the Brazilian institutions CAPES (Federal Agency for the Support and Improvement of Higher Education), CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development) and FAPEMIG (Minas Gerais State Research Foundation) for their support of this research.

Funding

This study was supported by Brazilian institutions CAPES (Federal Agency for the Support and Improvement of Higher Education), CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development), and FAPEMIG (Minas Gerais State Research Foundation).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Engineering, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil

    Letícia Maciel Sant’Ana Simões & Tiago José Pires de Oliveira

  2. Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil

    Carine Setter

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, 38064-200, Brazil

    Nádia Guimarães Sousa

  4. Department of Food Engineering, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, 38064-200, Brazil

    Cássia Regina Cardoso

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Contributions

Letícia Maciel Sant’Ana Simões: investigation, data curation, and roles/writing—original draft. Carine Setter: investigation, methodology, data curation, roles/writing—original draft, and writing—review and editing. Nádia Guimarães Sousa: data curation and visualization. Cássia Regina Cardoso: data curation, visualization, and writing—review and editing. Tiago José Pires De Oliveira: conceptualization, data curation, investigation, methodology, resources, supervision, and writing—review and editing.

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Simões, L.M.S., Setter, C., Sousa, N.G. et al. Biomass to biofuel densification of coconut fibers: kinetic triplet and thermodynamic evaluation. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 14, 631–648 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-02393-5

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