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Fabrication of polyaniline-coated porous and fibrous nanocomposite with granular morphology using tea waste carbon for effective removal of rhodamine B dye from water samples

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Abstract

Porous and fibrous nanocomposite with granular surface morphology was prepared by coating of polyaniline onto carbonized tea waste material employing a low cost and facile method. The as-synthesized nanofiber adsorbent was characterized using FTIR, Ultraviolet-visible, Thermal gravimetric analysis, BET, FESEM, HRTEM, and zeta potential analysis. The adsorption capacity of the fabricated adsorbent was evaluated against the removal of rhodamine B (RhB) dye from aqueous samples, 34.9315 mg/g adsorption capacity, and 95.21% of removal efficiency was observed. The results show that the prepared nanoadsorbent has well-defined porous and fibrous structure with granular morphology, a small average diameter (3–90nm), high specific surface area (50.1296 m2 g−1), and pore volume (0.2054 cm3 g−1). The pore size distribution is ranged from 2 to 5nm. The adsorption kinetics is well described by a pseudo-second-order model, and the adsorption process is controlled jointly by the intra-particle diffusion and film diffusion process. The adsorption data were found to be well fitted with the Langmuir isotherm model. The thermodynamic study has revealed that the adsorption process is spontaneous, exothermic, and marked with the enhancement in randomness at the adsorbent–adsorbate interface. The positive value of ΔH° indicates that the physical forces are involved in the adsorption process. The polyaniline-coated tea waste carbon (PCTWC) nanocomposite has shown its high regeneration ability even after five consecutive cycles of adsorption-desorption.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to MRC, MINT (Jaipur), CAF, Manipal University (Jaipur), and Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur (India), for providing research facilities and supporting us. J.K.S. thanks the CSIR-India and K.P. thanks the UGC-India for their fellowships.

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  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, JLN, Marg, Jaipur, 302004, India

    Parmeshwar Lal Meena, Jitendra Kumar Saini, Ajay Kumar Surela & Krishna Poswal

  2. S.R.K.P. Govt. P.G. College, Kishangarh, Ajmer, 305801, India

    Lata Kumari Chhachhia

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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Parmeshwar Lal Meena, Jitendra Kumar Saini, Krishna Poswal, Aajy Kumar Surela, and Lata Kumar Chhachhia. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Jitendra Kumar Saini, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Meena, P.L., Saini, J.K., Surela, A.K. et al. Fabrication of polyaniline-coated porous and fibrous nanocomposite with granular morphology using tea waste carbon for effective removal of rhodamine B dye from water samples. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 14, 1711–1730 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-02267-2

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